Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s

Obermeier, Boris; Wurm, Frederik R.; Mangold, Christine; Frey, Holger

doi:10.1002/anie.201100027

Cited by 172 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Nanoparticles (NPs) that are composed of polymers are emerging as a promising platform to develop personalized nanomedicines for diseaseand patient-specific diagnosis and treatment (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The ability to select given surface coatings and grow NPs of controllable size has an effect on the rate of clearance via circulation and immune response, such as the reticuloendothelial system (RES) located in the reticular connective tissue (24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraphenylethene-based highly emissive metallacage as a component of theranostic supramolecular nanoparticles

Cook

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

112

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A theranostic agent combines diagnostic reporter with therapeutic activity in a single entity, an approach that seeks to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a highly emissive tetraphenylethene-based metallacage using multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly that exhibits a coordination-triggered aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enhancement. The formation of metallacage-loaded nanoparticles (MNPs) occurs when the assembly is treated with two variants of a 1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate, mPEG-DSPE, and biotin-PEG-DSPE. This combination endows the resultant MNPs with excellent stability and targeting ability, specifically enabling selective delivery of the metallacages to cancer cells that overexpress biotin receptors via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Although the mechanism of activity is based on existing Pt(II) anticancer drugs such as oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the MNPs are more active and show low systemic activity while also possessing emissive properties that allow for fluorescence-based imaging. This pioneering example of a metallacage that combines biologically active components with AIE imaging establishes supramolecular coordination complexes imbedded within nanoparticles as a promising potential theranostic platform for cancer treatment.ver the past decades, platinum-based coordination complexes have been a mainstay of clinical drugs for the treatment of many solid tumors, including testicular, colorectal, genitourinary, and nonsmall cell lung cancers (1, 2). Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin have been approved as first-line chemotherapeutics for the treatment of carcinoma in combination with other anticancer drugs. However, their chemotherapeutic applications are greatly limited by severe side effects that include acute nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and emetogenesis (3, 4). The search for low-dose platinum-based drugs/prodrugs with high selectivity to tumor tissues motivates the development of targeting drug delivery systems that may reduce side effects and show an improved therapeutic index. Further modifications are sought to address drawbacks of poor solubility, rapid clearance, and a lack of selectivity (5, 6). Although fluorescence-based techniques provide a means to track the processes of translocation, drug release and excretion of anticancer agents, the aforementioned species are intrinsically nonfluorescent under treatment conditions (7-10).In sharp contrast to the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, Tang and colleagues developed a novel class of organic luminogens that are nonemissive in solution but become intensely emissive on aggregation, with pioneering studies based on tetraphenylethene (TPE) and hexaphenylsilole (HPS). This so-called aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect is attributed to the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) of the aromatic rings of AIEgens (11). Since the discovery of...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraphenylethene-based highly emissive metallacage as a component of theranostic supramolecular nanoparticles

Cook

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

112

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“…Potassium or cesium hydroxides or alkoxides are well-known candidates as initiators for the synthesis of polyethers [3][4][5][6][7]. This method is of interest for the controlled functionalization of polymers [8,9], especially to introduce reactive functions at both chain-ends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grignard-based anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide activated by triisobutylaluminum

Roos

Carlotti

2015

European Polymer Journal

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“…Glycidyl ether copolymers with other oxiranes, especially ethylene oxide, have attracted increasing attention as functional materials [13]. Various glycidyl ethers can be randomly copolymerized with ethylene oxide to yield polyethers with side-chain functional groups.…”

Section: Polyepichlorohydrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethers

Kanazawa

2014

Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

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Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s

Cited by 172 publications

References 134 publications

Tetraphenylethene-based highly emissive metallacage as a component of theranostic supramolecular nanoparticles

Tetraphenylethene-based highly emissive metallacage as a component of theranostic supramolecular nanoparticles

Grignard-based anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide activated by triisobutylaluminum

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