Multifunctional platinum‐based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Abstract

Platinum-based anticancer drugs play a central role in current cancer therapy. However, their applicability and efficacy are limited by drug resistance and adverse effects. Nanocarrier-based platinum drug delivery systems are promising alternatives to circumvent the disadvantages of bare platinum drugs. The various properties of nanoparticle chemistry allow for the trend toward multiple functionality. Nanoparticles preferentially accumulate at the tumor site through passive targeting, and the attachment of tumor targeting moieties further enhances their tumor-specific localization as well as tumor cell uptake. The introduction of stimuli-responsive groups into drug delivery systems can further achieve spatially and temporally controlled drug release in response to specific stimuli. Combination therapy strategies have been used to promote synergetic efficacy and overcome the resistance of platinum drugs. The tumor-localized drug delivery strategies exhibit benefits for preventing local tumor recurrence. In addition, the combination of platinum drugs and imaging agents in one unity allows the cancer diagnostics for real-time monitoring the distribution of drug-loaded nanoparticles inside the body and tumor. This review discusses recent scientific advances in multifunctional nanoparticle formulations of platinum drugs, and these designs exhibit new potential of multifunctional nanoparticles for delivering platinum-based anticancer drugs. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1410. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1410 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

Nanozymes: a new choice for disease treatment

“…抗生素漫长的研发历程无 法跟上耐药菌的突变和增殖速度 [47] , 因此, 抗菌治疗 迫切需要新的广谱抗菌剂. 与传统抗生素相比, 利用 纳米酶进行抗菌具有广谱性和耐用性等优点 [48] . 一些 纳米酶能够进入细菌细胞壁并穿过阻碍抗生素发挥作 用的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS), 通过产生ROS或直接与生物大分子(磷脂、蛋白 质、DNA等)相互作用来杀灭细菌 [49] .…”

Nanotechnology for Neuroscience: Promising Approaches for Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Brain Activity Mapping

“…[75] These components functionalize the NPs, hence the name “multifunctional nanoparticle”, and can be either embedded within a porous matrix or chemically bonded ligands that are readily functionalized upon integration with the target system. [76] Given the wide array of biophysical properties and core material combinations available and the number of structural permutations a given NP may assume, MFNPs can theoretically cure a large range of diseases in any biological environment in a site-specific and cell-targeted fashion.…”

Untitled

“…Platinum nanoparticles are the subject of substantial research, with their potential applications in a wide variety of areas in biomedicine 188 . PtNPs are also used in electrochemical applications 189 .…”