Multifunctional Mitochondria-Targeting Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Viscosity, ONOO^–, Mitophagy, and Bioimaging

Abstract

Irregularities in mitochondrial viscosity and peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) concentration can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. It is still a great challenge to develop near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes to simultaneously detect viscosity, endogenous ONOO − , and mitophagy. Herein, a multifunctional mitochondria-targeting NIR fluorescent probe P-1 was first synthesized for simultaneously detecting viscosity, ONOO − , and mitophagy. P-1 used quinoline cations as a mitochondrial targeting moiety, arylboronate as an ONOO − responsive group, and detected the change of viscosity by the twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) mechanism. The probe has an excellent response to the viscosity during inflammation by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and mitophagy induced by starvation at 670 nm. The viscosity changes of the probe induced by nystatin in zebrafish showed that P-1 was able to detect microviscosity in vivo. P-1 also showed good sensitivity with a detection limit of 6.2 nM for ONOO − detection and was successfully applied to the endogenous ONOO − detection in zebrafish. Moreover, P-1 has the ability to distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells. All of these features make P-1 a promising candidate to detect mitophagy and ONOO − -associated physiological and pathological processes.

Exploring Multifunctional Response of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramic Composite for Biomedical Applications

“…However, similar results of emission ∼460–535 nm for HAP nanoparticles synthesized through the chemical precipitation method were reported earlier by Machado et al Deshmukh et al reported similar fluorescence emission at a wavelength of 502 nm for HAP nanoparticles synthesized via a modified sol–gel route . These interesting results open up new arenas of application of fluorescent biomaterials as bioimaging probes for internal organs and tissues . In addition, the use of KNN attributes the composite to piezoelectric properties, which is the subject matter for the group’s ongoing research work.…”

“…56 These interesting results open up new arenas of application of fluorescent biomaterials as bioimaging probes for internal organs and tissues. 57 In addition, the use of KNN attributes the composite to piezoelectric properties, which is the subject matter for the group's ongoing research work. From an application perspective, such piezoactive composites would be useful for designing 3D-printed scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications.…”

A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe with viscosity sensitivity to distinguish between normal and cancer cells

“…Previous studies have reported that the ionic carriers, monensin (Mon), nystatin (Nys), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), disrupt ion homeostasis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and viscosity changes. 36–40 In addition, carbonyl cyano-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) can also cause changes in mitochondrial viscosity. 41 Therefore, to investigate the monitoring of intracellular mitochondrial viscosity changes by YPE , we used different drug stimuli to regulate changes in the mitochondrial microenvironment.…”

A multipurpose mitochondrial NIR probe for imaging ferroptosis and mitophagy

“…25 Both these derivatives utilize a C-12 alkyl chain that may help in anchoring the fluorophore to the mitochondrial matrix. Other derivatives that monitor autophagy apart from monitoring other processes as analyte detection or viscosity sensing include quinolinium containing P1, 26 MQA-P, 17 a benzo indole derivative (MN-V), 27 a styryl benzothiazole derivative 28 . Imaging of mitochondria and detection of ONOO − was also reported through a light-triggered process using a styrylnaphthalene scaffold (TPONOO-1).…”