Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Abstract

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are recognized as a prime example of nanotechnology applied in the biomedical field, due to their easily tunable structure and composition, diverse surface functionalization properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Over the past two decades, researchers have developed a wide variety of MSNs-based nanoplatforms through careful design and controlled preparation techniques, demonstrating their adaptability to various biomedical application scenarios. With the continuous breakthroughs of MSNs in the fields of biosensing, disease diagnosis and treatment, tissue engineering, etc., MSNs are gradually moving from basic research to clinical trials. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of MSNs in the biomedical field, beginning with a comprehensive overview of their development history. We then discuss the types of MSNs-based nanostructured architectures, as well as the classification of MSNs-based nanocomposites according to the elements existed in various inorganic functional components. Subsequently, we summarize the primary purposes of surface-functionalized modifications of MSNs. In the following, we discuss the biomedical applications of MSNs, and highlight the MSNs-based targeted therapeutic modalities currently developed. Given the importance of clinical translation, we also summarize the progress of MSNs in clinical trials. Finally, we take a perspective on the future direction and remaining challenges of MSNs in the biomedical field.

Breaking Barriers: Nanomedicine-Based Drug Delivery for Cataract Treatment

“…These characteristics make MSNs highly attractive for drug delivery applications, as they offer excellent biocompatibility, biosafety, control of biodegradation and high drug loading capacity. 97 The evidence from cellular and animal studies have confirmed the sustained release properties of MSNs for intraocular pharmacotherapy. 98 Moreover, animal experiments have demonstrated the ability of MSNs to effectively deliver drugs to the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea.…”

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Bone Tuberculosis Management

“…This capability is particularly beneficial in targeting diseases where localized and prolonged drug delivery is needed. Additionally, MSNs are recognized for their biocompatibility and potential for surface modification, making them ideal candidates for targeted drug delivery systems that aim to reduce systemic side effects and enhance treatment efficacy [ 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. These systems, as detailed in studies such as those by Zhu et al [ 30 ], have demonstrated significant improvements in delivering antitubercular drugs, such as INH and RFP, directly to the infected bone tissue.…”

Nanomaterial-Driven Precision Immunomodulation: A New Paradigm in Therapeutic Interventions

“…In addition, mesoporous silica NPs have been proven to have excellent biocompatibility and to significantly decrease unwanted reactions and cytotoxicity, which are the main issues in the case of carrier materials. Their inert nature and stability in physiological environments increases their suitability for in vivo applications, allowing targeted delivery to inflamed sites without compromising systemic safety [ 110 ].…”