Multifunctional flexible contact lens for eye health monitoring using inorganic magnetic oxide nanosheets

Abstract

As a non-invasive innovative diagnosis platform, advanced flexible contact lenses can dynamically monitor vital ocular indicators, spot abnormalities and provide biofeedback guidance for real-time diagnosis and rehabilitation tracking of chronic eye diseases. However, most of the state-of-the-art reported contact lenses either can only monitor a single indicator at a time or realize multifunctional integration based on multiple materials. Herein, we developed a flexible multifunctional contact lens based on inorganic γ-Fe2O3@NiO magnetic oxide nanosheets, which can be attached conformally and seamlessly to the eyeball to simultaneously monitor glucose level in tears, eyeball movement, and intraocular pressure. The optimized contact lens has a reliable glucose detection limit (0.43 μmol), superior eye movement measurement accuracy (95.27%) and high intraocular pressure sensitivity (0.17 MHz mmHg− 1). This work presents a concept in the biochemical and biophysical integrated sensing of ocular signals using contact lens via an innovative material, and provides a personalized and efficient way for health management. Graphical Abstract

Innovative advancement of contact lenses for noninvasive diagnosis and therapy: A mini review

“…As an enzyme‐free glucose sensor, the MCL exhibits good electrochemical properties such as low detection limit, wide linear range, and high accuracy. Through this research, intriguing new directions of magnetic oxides for the treatment and diagnosis of ocular diseases will be revealed 57 . These multitasking sensors have several benefits that can meet the needs of patients with more than one disorders.…”

“…Through this research, intriguing new directions of magnetic oxides for the treatment and diagnosis of ocular diseases will be revealed. 57 These multitasking sensors have several benefits that can meet the needs of patients with more than one disorders. The material types, functions, and references of multifunctional smart contact lens sensors introduced in Section 3.2 are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…The material types, functions, and references of multifunctional smart contact lens sensors introduced in Section 3.2 are summarized in Table 2. Monitor biochemical glucose level, biophysical eyeball movement, and IOP [57] CONTACT LENS-DRUG DELIVERY Topical administration is the simplest route of drug administration for the management of ocular diseases. The drugs can be transported through the corneal route, conjunctiva-sclera route or conjunctival route to systemic circulation.…”

3D Printing Smart Eyeglass Frames: A Review

“…172 The recent development of flexible multifunctional contact lenses based on inorganic γ-Fe 2 O 3 @NiO magnetic oxide nanosheets is another advancement with the most recent state-of-the-art technologies for real-time diagnosis and rehabilitation tracking of chronic eye diseases. 173 These flexible multifunctional lenses can be harmoniously attached to the eyeball to simultaneously monitor glucose level in tears, eyeball movement, and IOP with a reliable glucose detection limit (0.43 μmol), superior eye movement measurement accuracy (95.27%), and high IOP sensitivity (0.17 MHz mmHg − 1 ). 171 These lenses can effectively avoid the malignant development of ocular diseases and prevent the risk of blindness.…”

“…171 These lenses can effectively avoid the malignant development of ocular diseases and prevent the risk of blindness. 173 Studies have also presented the implementation of a flexible, low-cost, and easy-to-fabricate laser-induced graphene sensor for multiple sensing applications, which can include the eye. The low-cost, easy, and effective realization of this graphene-based sensor is achieved by the use of the photo-thermal induction of polyamide film to generate the graphene and be used as an electrode on a flexible substrate.…”