Multifunctional Electronic Skin Based on Perovskite Intermediate Gels

Abstract

Electronic skin (e‐skin) has attracted extensive attention owing to its potential application in biomedical sensors, intelligent robots, and bionic prostheses. To imitate better or even surmount the perceptive capabilities of human skin, multifunctional e‐skin is an important trend in the field. A novel stable perovskite intermediate gel (PIGel) is obtained during the MA2SnI6 perovskite crystallization process. This Sn‐based PIGel exhibits good conductivity and outstanding wettability on different polymer substrates. Based on these properties, it is successfully applied to the field of e‐skin. Flexible and stretchable multifunctional e‐skin sensors are developed based on it. Stretching, finger bending, voice recognition, pulse monitoring, temperature, and electricity response are achieved in one e‐skin device. In addition, the MA2SnI6 perovskite single crystal is prepared by solvent engineering. The formation mechanism of the PIGel and MA2SnI6 single crystal is studied in detail. This work broadens the selection range of sensing materials for e‐skin and paves the way to achieve multifunctional sensors with the facile fabrication process.

Flexible Temperature Sensors

“…To achieve high-performance FRTC, considerable efforts have been made in optimization of the materials and device configurations. First, various active materials such as graphene, carbon black (CB), carbon fiber, carbon nanotube (CNT) and multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) ( Liu et al, 2012 ; Guo et al, 2014 ; Tian et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2019 ) have been introduced into FRTC as the conductive fillers due to their high conductivity, low cost, and high stability ( Kun et al, 2020 ; Abdelmoughni et al, 2020 ; Jea Sang et al, 2020 ; Su et al, 2020 ; Jian et al, 2020 ; Ye et al, 2020 ; Zamri et al, 2015 ; J Mittemeijer, 2011 ; Nosbi et al, 2010 ; Chen et al, 2017a ; Zhang et al, 2017a ; Ying et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). Second, for obtaining highly flexible and stretchable devices, polymers including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ( Shih et al, 2010 ; Sibinski et al, 2010 ; Zhao et al, 2018a ), silicon rubber, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) ( Nakata and Arie, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2018 ; Shen et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Bang et al, 2019 ) have been widely investigated in FRTC ( Shih et al, 2010 ; Sibinski et al, 2010 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Guo et al, 2014 ; Tian et al, 2015 ; Nakata and Arie, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2018a ; Huang et al, 2018 ; Shen et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Bang et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2019 ).…”

“…It can be arranged arbitrarily, and can detect complex units easily. New types of flexible temperature equipments, textiles, aerospace, environmental medical care, electronics, electricians, sports sensors are widely applied in electronic skin and monitor, etc (Zamri et al, 2015;Jea Sang et al, 2020;Jian et al, 2020;Su et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2020).…”

Oriented Perovskite Crystal towards Efficient Charge Transport in FASnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

“…We notice that the 36 h storage of the FASnI 3 film leads to the total degradation of perovskite without SnI 4 or FA 2 SnI 6 characteristic peaks being observed. [ 67,68 ] The improved film stability originates from dense and smooth high‐quality perovskite films with a lower Sn 4+ content with 2,3‐DAPAC treatment, and it is also related to slightly decreased hydrophilicity (Figure S7, Supporting Information). Finally, we compare the PCE and lifetime of our champion PSC with the recently reported passivation works using FASnI 3 as the light absorber.…”

Flexible, anti-damage, and non-contact sensing electronic skin implanted with MWCNT to block public pathogens contact infection

“…This mechanically proves the good combination of MWCNT and PVA. Compared with E-skin with hydrogel structure and multilayer structure, such a one-piece, universal, and rapid prototyping MCP E-skin with high regularity and high strength is advanced [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…In previous E-skin research, most manufacturing strategies focused on gels [22][23][24] and multi-layer structure [25][26][27][28]. Because most flexible substrates are not suitable for lithography and existing E-skin strategies cannot be fabricated on uneven or irregular surfaces [29].…”