Multifunctional conductive hyaluronic acid hydrogels for wound care and skin regeneration

Abstract

Conductive and interactive hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid are engineered as wound dressings that enhance skin tissue regeneration either through electrical stimulation or by displaying multifunctional performance and, ultimately, interactivity.

Injectable smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels: pioneering advancements in biomedical applications

“…Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a watersoluble natural linear anionic polysaccharide, and comprises the primary component of the ECM in epithelial, connective and neural tissues (including cartilage, skin, synovial joint fluid and the vitreous humor of the eyes). 79,[86][87][88][89] It consists of repeated alternate disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, linked via β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds. 90,91 As a negatively charged non-branched polymer con-…”

“…87,92,93 Simply put, HA exhibits various unexpected complex biological functions, because it can interact with cells through the molecular interactions with specific receptors on the cell membrane, such as CD44, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), and thus contributes to the regulation of the activity and function of cells. 86,94 As great progress has been made in the extraction of HA and hydrogel preparation technology, more functional HA-based injectable hydrogels with stronger mechanical properties and more stable structure are being developed for various specific biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery and medical cosmetology. 87 Generally, the molecular weight of HA found within the ECM is extremely high (>10 000 kDa), and plays a crucial role in sequestering the cell-produced proteins in vivo.…”

“…Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a water-soluble natural linear anionic polysaccharide, and comprises the primary component of the ECM in epithelial, connective and neural tissues (including cartilage, skin, synovial joint fluid and the vitreous humor of the eyes). 79,86–89 It consists of repeated alternate disaccharide units of d -glucuronic acid and N -acetylglucosamine, linked via β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds. 90,91 As a negatively charged non-branched polymer consisting of non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans, HA has various unique characteristics, including outstanding hydrophilicity and water-binding capacity, satisfactory biocompatibility and biodegradability, low immunoreactivity and high bioactivity (such as modulating cell function as a signaling molecule).…”

Engineering a platelet-rich plasma-based multifunctional injectable hydrogel with photothermal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties for skin regeneration

“…A desirable wound dressing should possess hemostatic capacity with good hemocompatibility. 35,78 Hemocompatibility of AGC, AGC-PPP-PDA, and AGC-PRP-PDA hydrogels was investigated by a hemolysis test (Fig. 7A-D).…”

Wearable Magnetoelectric Stimulation for Chronic Wound Healing by Electrospun CoFe2O4@CTAB/PVDF Dressings

“…On the one hand, traditional magnetic field generation devices rely on large magnets (DC magnetic field) or high-power Helmholtz coils (AC magnetic field), lacking tissue safety and wearability due to high intensity or frequency . On the other hand, existing magnetoelectric composites struggle to meet the flexible, breathable, hydrophilic, and antibacterial requirements of wound dressings . Many factors, such as the complex preparation and polarization processes of piezoelectric films, further limit the application of magnetoelectric composites in wound dressings …”