Multifunctional Carbon Monoxide Prodrug-Loaded Nanoplatforms for Effective Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Gas Synergistic Therapy

Abstract

Multifunctional cancer treatments based on gas therapy combined with other cancer treatments have gained tremendous attention and hold great promise in biomedical applications. In this study, a carbon monoxide-releasing nanoplatform combined with near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered photothermal therapy (PTT) was constructed. The nanoplatform was composed of manganese pentacarbonyl bromide (MnCO)-loaded g-carbon nitride/polypyrrole (CNPpy) nanomaterials (MnCO@ CNPpy). MnCO can be triggered to produce CO under H 2 O 2 conditions. Upon exogenous NIR light stimulation and tumor microenvironment-overexpressed H 2 O 2 , MnCO@CNPpy exhibited excellent CO generation performance and photothermal effect. The generation of CO induced intracellular oxidative stress and caused cell apoptosis. Additionally, photoacoustic (PA) imaging was performed to track the delivery and accumulation of the nanomaterial in tumor sites because of the great photothermal conversion of CNPpy. The presented MnCO@CNPpy nanoplatform displayed desirable PTT and CO therapy in the inhibition of tumor growth and may provide a promising strategy for multifunctional antitumor synergistic treatments.

H2O2-triggered controllable carbon monoxide delivery for photothermally augmented gas therapy

“…Recently, the effectiveness of gas-based therapy has been increased using other therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), ultrasound therapy (US), photothermal therapy (PTT), and starvation therapy. 1,4,39–42 Among these therapeutic modalities, PTT has garnered significant attention due to its excellent precision in remote spatiotemporal control and its non-invasive therapeutic attributes. 43–45 It's worth noting that PTT utilizes light-absorbing agents to transform light energy into heat, which is then utilized for cellular thermal ablation.…”

Near-infrared light triggered in situ release of CO for enhanced therapy of glioblastoma

“…Various stimuli-responsive CORMs have been developed, which can be triggered by endogenous stimuli or external factors such as light irradiation. Endogenous stimuli responsive CORMs always suffer from uncontrollable release of CO [18][19][20]. In contrast, light-triggered CO release from a photo-activated CORM (photoCORMs) has demonstrated appealing profile, which facilitates a precise spatial and temporal control over the CO liberation [21][22][23].…”

ATP-Triggered Intracellular In Situ Aggregation of a Gold-Nanoparticle-Equipped Triple-Helix Molecular Switch for Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Tumor Therapy

“…Many studies have shown that DNA-functionalized AuNPs (DNA-AuNPs) have high biocompatibility and stability, and the DNA-AuNP system can be used to construct nanomachines for biomedical applications. − DNA can undergo conformational changes under different conditions, such as pH and temperature. − Thus, DNA sequences induce structural changes in nanomachines. − The self-assembly of DNA-functionalized AuNPs has been reported for in vitro diagnostics, and because of the unique molecular recognition ability of DNA molecules and the specific binding between single strands, the interaction between strands of complementary single-stranded DNA can be used to form ordered self-assemblies of originally disordered AuNPs, thus enhancing the photothermal effects. The commonly used stimulation methods include temperature, light, , pH, and redox. , By modulating the molecular design, a certain molecule with sensitive responsiveness to tumor markers is selectively introduced into AuNPs to prepare AuNPs with stimulation responsiveness to aggregate and to produce a photothermal effect at tumor sites. In recent years, researchers have designed ATP-responsive nanodrug delivery systems that take advantage of the differences in ATP inside (1–10 mM) and outside (<0.4 mM) tumor cells. , The increased glycolysis in malignant tumor cells resulted in significantly higher ATP levels than in normal cells, but few studies have focused on the ATP-induced aggregation of AuNPs in tumors to produce photothermal effects.…”

“…The commonly used stimulation methods include temperature, light, 50,51 pH, 46 and redox. 45,52 By modulating the molecular design, a certain molecule with sensitive responsiveness to tumor markers is selectively introduced into AuNPs to prepare AuNPs with stimulation responsiveness to aggregate and to produce a photothermal effect at tumor sites. In recent years, researchers have designed ATP-responsive nanodrug delivery systems that take advantage of the differences in ATP inside (1−10 mM) and outside (<0.4 mM) tumor cells.…”