Multifunctional carbon aerogel granules designed for column reactor for efficient treatment of shale gas flowback and produced water

Efficiency and Mechanisms of Biochar Aerogel-Assisted Biodegradation of Taste and Odor Compounds in a One-Step Membrane Bioreactor for Rural Drinking Water Production

“…The biochar adsorbent powder was prepared using the sol–gel method; − refer to the Supporting Information (Text S2) for a detailed description of the method. The method of BAB aerogel production was adapted from previous research and comprised the following steps: chitosan powder with a mass concentration of 4.0 wt % was dissolved in 1.0 wt % aqueous glacial acetic acid solution by stirring, resulting in a yellow transparent homogeneous solution. The previously prepared 0.1 wt % biochar adsorbent powder was added to the chitosan solution and stirred for 30 min to ensure even dispersion.…”

Identifying Candidate Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) and Very Persistent and Very Mobile (vPvM) Substances in Shale Gas Drilling Fluids by Combining Nontarget Analysis and Machine Learning Model

“…In recent years, the advancements of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies have promoted the extraction of shale gas. − However, shale gas exploration raised concerns on regional water resources due to the usage of large amounts of water and synthetic chemicals for drilling and hydraulic fracturing. − As an essential part of the drilling operation, the drilling fluids contain various organic and inorganic compounds from the solid phase, liquid phase, and chemical treatment agent. ,− Due to reliable shale inhibition and excellent lubricity, oil-based drilling fluids are an essential component in shale gas exploration. , However, oil-based drilling fluids were often considered to be environmentally hazardous due to their high toxicity . Accidental well leakage might release chemicals in the drilling fluids and later contaminate groundwater.…”

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H1.33Mn1.67O4 Composite Granular Adsorbents

“…China has the world’s largest reserves of shale gas, with technically recoverable resources reaching 31.6 × 10 12 m 3 . However, the process of extracting shale gas using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques generates enormous amounts of shale gas wastewater (SGW). , The composition of SGW is complex, with high concentrations of salt, heavy metals, various organic compounds, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and many other potentially hazardous substances, posing environmental threats and technological challenges related to its treatment. − Consequently, new approaches have been proposed for SGW management that also enable the recovery of valuable elements, such as rare earth elements, uranium, and lithium, which could not only provide revenue to offset the cost of SGW treatment but also augment the supply of strategic resources. ,− The median concentration of lithium in SGW in the Sichuan Basin and Marcellus Basin is 33 and 95 mg/L, , respectively, indicating the potential of SGW as a lithium resource. Despite these numbers, SGW remains an untapped lithium resource, and it is highly consequential to develop appropriate technology for extracting lithium from SGW.…”

“…14 However, the process of extracting shale gas using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques generates enormous amounts of shale gas wastewater (SGW). 15,16 The composition of SGW is complex, with high concentrations of salt, heavy metals, various organic compounds, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), and many other potentially hazardous substances, posing environmental threats and technological challenges related to its treatment. 16−18 Consequently, new approaches have been proposed for SGW management that also enable the recovery of valuable elements, such as rare earth elements, uranium, and lithium, which could not only provide revenue to offset the cost of SGW treatment but also augment the supply of strategic resources.…”