Multifunctional and High-Sensitive Sensor Capable of Detecting Humidity, Temperature, and Flow Stimuli Using an Integrated Microheater

Abstract

A multifunctional sensor comprising humidity, temperature, and flow detection capabilities is fabricated with a facile, single-layered device structure. A microheater based on serpentine Pt microlines plays key roles in both humidity and flow sensing at the hot state by introducing an efficient Joule heating effect, and meanwhile functions as a reliable thermistor at the cold state for accurate temperature measurement. For the first time, the strong temperaturedependent humidity-sensing properties of graphene oxide (GO) are revealed using the microheater platform. The GO-based humidity sensor displays ultrahigh sensitivity [124/% relative humidity (RH)], fast response time (3 s), wide detection range (8−95% RH) at room temperature, while the sensitivity drops at elevated temperatures, indicating the non-negligible temperature effect. Interestingly, a linear relationship between sensitivity and voltage is observed for the flow sensor, indicating the capability to manipulate sensitivity by conveniently modifying the voltage applied on the microheater. Because the three sensors work independently with distinguishable output signals, multiparametric sensing is enabled to monitor various human activities, such as respiration, noncontact sensation, and so forth. This work develops a simple, cost-effective, and useful multiparametric-sensing platform using a microheater for potential applications in the growing fields of internet of things, healthcare monitoring, and human−machine interfaces.

Highly Sensitive Flow Sensor Based on Flexible Dual-Layer Heating Structures

“…Previously, flexible sensors mainly focused on the detection of pressure [8][9][10][11] and temperature [12][13][14]. Increasing attention has been paid to flow detection in recent years [15][16][17][18].…”

Recent Advances in Carbon Material‐Based Multifunctional Sensors and Their Applications in Electronic Skin Systems

“…Therefore, the development of triple‐modal sensors has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. [ 146–149 ] In addition to the primary signals mentioned above, roughness, light, etc. are added to improve the diversity of sensor detection mode.…”

Flexible Hybrid Sensor Systems with Feedback Functions

“…For instance, flow sensors can monitor fluid or gas flow properties, such as blood, sweat, and respiration. [ 195,223–226 ] However, traditional MEMS‐based flow sensors tend to disturb the nature of pristine air/liquid flow when performing large‐scale flow monitoring, such as around airfoils or on vehicles. In an effort to address this challenge, we recently reported the first example of a sheet‐type, macroscale, thermal flow sensor array in which each pixel consisted of a heater homogeneously surrounded by multiple temperature sensors based on a calorimetric principle ( Figure a).…”