Multifunctional Additive of Potassium Cinnamate Improve Crystallization and Passivate Defect for Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 22%

Abstract

Perovskites with high film quality and low defect density are considered the essential condition for obtaining high‐performance perovskite devices. Herein, a simple and effective multifunctional additive of potassium cinnamate (PC) is doped into a perovskite precursor solution to improve the film quality and passivate the defect. It is revealed that the PC additives can react with the perovskite compositions, which affect the crystallization of perovskite and eventually form a high‐quality perovskite film. In addition, the PC additive still exists in the perovskite film after annealing, which effectively passivates the defects in perovskites. It is found that the PC‐doped devices exhibit improved photoluminescence intensity, increased carrier lifetimes, and reduced charge recombination. As a result, due to the improvement of film quality and efficient defect passivation, the doped device delivers a champion photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22.00%, which is significantly higher than 18.96% of the pristine device. The doped device maintains 86% of its maximum efficiency after aging for 5 months, which significantly improves long‐term stability compared to 62% of the original device. Herein, a new idea for designing efficient additives is provided to further enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.

A phosphorus-doped potassium peroxyniobate electrocatalyst with enriched oxygen vacancies boosts electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia

“…This strategy enhances the quality of the film, passivates defects and advances the photoluminescence intensity. 34 Hou et al used KCl as a seed crystal to guide the formation of FAPbI 3 , which promoted the photovoltaic efficiency of SnO 2 /KCl solar cells from 19.51% to 20.56%. 35 Bi et al reported that a multifunctional buffer molecule (oteracil potassium, OP) can restrain the lag and passivation defects of methylamine-free PSCs.…”

“…This strategy enhances the quality of the film, passivates defects and advances the photoluminescence intensity. 34…”

Nanoscale interfacial engineering of 1D g‐C 3 N 4 enables effective and thermally stable HTL ‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells with aging for 100 hours

“…The addition of g‐C 3 N 4 to the active absorbing perovskite and/or the electron transport layer (ETL) increases PCE by around 22.13% 24 . This is mainly due to the defect passivation, increased conductivity, crystallinity, and low charge carrier recombination inside the device 25‐27 . At the PSC interfaces, the wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) character of g‐C 3 N 4 and fine control of the interface energetic resulted in a significant performance improvement, including an increase in the stability 25,28,29 To change the electron‐transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole‐transport layer interfaces, Liu et al 30 have recently used 2D g‐C 3 N 4 , a heat‐resistant n‐type semiconductor.…”

“…24 This is mainly due to the defect passivation, increased conductivity, crystallinity, and low charge carrier recombination inside the device. [25][26][27] At the PSC interfaces, the wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) character of g-C 3 N 4 and fine control of the interface energetic resulted in a significant performance improvement, including an increase in the stability 25,28,29 To change the electron-transport layer/ perovskite and perovskite/hole-transport layer interfaces, Liu et al 30 have recently used 2D g-C 3 N 4 , a heat-resistant n-type semiconductor. The surface trap states of methylammonium lead iodide could be passivated with the formation of "Pb" (under coordination) and Lewis adducts between "N" by g-C 3 N 4 .…”

Designing Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Perovskites through Their Organic Cations

“…They have a good compatibility with common polar solvents used for the Ruddlesden–Popper layout and offer an extensive selection of transition, lanthanide, and metal atoms . These atoms could be positioned at the organic interface, depending on the desired functionality (for example, catalysis and chirality). , Examples are potassium cinnamate and ferrocene, which have been recently integrated as dopant agents or as part of an organic interface in the fabrication of solar cells to improve their performances, , and Au-based organometallic molecules. Here, rationalizing the selection of precursors and synthesis conditions is crucial to overcome the instability of organometallic molecules.…”