Multifunctional Activity of the β-Defensin-2 during Respiratory Infections

Olvera, Dora Patricia Rosete; Gutiérrez, Carlos Cabello

doi:10.5772/intechopen.80611

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…In this context, it has been reported that hBD2 induces dendritic cell maturation and enhances their recruitment to the site of inflammation to promote adaptive immunity [ 26 ]. Besides, various pro-inflammatory cytokines have been described to participate in increasing the expression of hBD2 [ 27 ], and conversely it has been found that recombinant hBD2 was able to suppress dendritic cell-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 28 ]. Due to these biological properties, hBD2 has been proposed to have role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human beta-defensins 2 and 4 are dysregulated in patients with coronavirus disease 19

Al-Bayatee

Ad’hiah

2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently been proposed as significant immunological factors involved in pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Human β-defensins (hBDs) are among these AMPs, but the evidence is not well detailed. Therefore, this case-control study analyzed levels of hBD1, hBD2, hBD3 and hBD4 in serum of 103 patients with severe COVID-19 and 105 healthy controls. Most patients were older than 45 years (80.6%), and more than 50% suffered from chronic diseases (cardiovascular and diabetes). Results revealed that median levels of hBD1 and hBD3 did not show significant differences between patients and controls. On the contrary, HBD2 levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to controls (1036 vs . 1289 ng/L; p < 0.001), while HBD4 levels were significantly increased (4.04 vs . 2.43 ng/L; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of hBD2 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.795; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.729–0.861; p < 0.001) and hBD4 (AUC = 0.816; 95% CI = 0.756–0.876; p < 0.001) in discriminating between COVID-19 patients and controls. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, gender and body mass index) confirmed the significance of hBD2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.996; corrected p = 0.004) and hBD4 (OR = 4.948; corrected p < 0.001) in susceptibility to COVID-19. In conclusion, the study indicated that hBD2 showed low levels in serum of patients infected with severe COVID-19, while hBD4 showed elevated levels. These differences in HBDs were not influenced by age, gender, body mass index, or chronic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human beta-defensins 2 and 4 are dysregulated in patients with coronavirus disease 19

Al-Bayatee

Ad’hiah

2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

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“…Changes in beta-defensin expression levels can lead to the improvement or deterioration of a disease. HBDs represent a valid and effective treatment against pathologies caused by drug-resistant microorganisms; in addition, HBD administration represents a solid alternative to the pharmacological therapies currently in use [27]. Moreover, a diet rich in immune nutrients (arginine, glutamine, dietary nucleotides, and fish oil) regulates the expression of HBD1 by improving immune-system function by supporting the reduction of infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics, as well as hospitalization [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies reported an increase in the salivary levels of beta-defensins (HBD2) following exercise and an accompanying increase in hNP1-3 levels, thereby enhancing immune function [5,9]. Generally, physical exercise elicits the initial activation of leukocytes [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Specific temporal patterns exist for specific subpopulations of leukocytes involved in the post-exercise state, including a rise in neutrophils and lymphocyte migration after exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HNP-1 and HBD-1 as Biomarkers for the Immune Systems of Elite Basketball Athletes

et al. 2020

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Acute or strenuous exercise is sometimes related to upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Practicing intense and regular exercise can lead to incorrect activation of the immune system, causing athletes to be excluded from training programs and competitions. Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that are part of the innate immune system and dynamically involved in several biological activities. In this study, we highlight the role of human defensins in competitive basketball athletes. In particular, we consider the behavior of alpha- and beta-defensins together with white blood cells in a cohort of players. Moreover, we focus our attention on cortisol, a physiological indicator of stress, and testosterone, both of which are human hormones involved in muscle metabolism. The free-testosterone/cortisol ratio is considered to be an indicator of overtraining among athletes. This paper provides an up-to-date information of the role of human defensins as self-defense molecules during a continuous stressor such as long-term exercise, and it recognizes them as potential markers of infection.

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Expression of Human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in Pichia Pastoris and Investigation of Its Binding Efficiency with ACE-2

Çobanoğlu¹,

Arslan²,

Yazıcı³

et al. 2023

Protein J

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COVID-19 is a disease that have affected the entire world, and it continues to spread with new variants. A patient’s innate immune system plays a critical role in the mild and severe transition of COVID-19. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are important components of the innate immune system, are potential molecules to fight pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), a 41-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide, is one of the defensins inducibly expressed in the skin, lungs, and trachea in humans. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the interaction of hBD-2 produced recombinantly in Pichia pastoris with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) under in vitro conditions. First, hBD-2 was cloned in P. pastoris X-33 via the pPICZαA vector, a yeast expression platform, and its expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Then, the interaction between recombinant hBD-2 and ACE-2 proteins was revealed by a pull-down assay. In light of these preliminary experiments, we suggest that the recombinantly produced hBD-2 may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 and be used as a supplement in treatment. However, current findings need to be supported by cell culture studies, toxicity analyses, and in vivo experiments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10930-023-10130-8.

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Multifunctional Activity of the β-Defensin-2 during Respiratory Infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 135 publications

Human beta-defensins 2 and 4 are dysregulated in patients with coronavirus disease 19

Human beta-defensins 2 and 4 are dysregulated in patients with coronavirus disease 19

HNP-1 and HBD-1 as Biomarkers for the Immune Systems of Elite Basketball Athletes

Expression of Human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in Pichia Pastoris and Investigation of Its Binding Efficiency with ACE-2

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