Multifractal properties of pore-size distribution in apple tissue using X-ray imaging

Fortification and Impregnation Practices in Food Processing

“…Thus, apples are often used as model food to study the VI process. From the centre to the periphery of the apple parenchyma, the porosity and intercellular spaces increase and the pore volume elevates during apple growth (Mendoza et al, 2010). VI treatment of apple slices demonstrated an influence of the porosity levels.…”

“…Even if the same raw material could be taken for OD and VI investigations, the behaviour during the process may vary. Studies of Mendoza et al (2010) on cell morphology of apple tissues showed cell anisotropy in both the variety and different cultivars. In addition to cell anisotropy, the cell and pore arrangements depend on the apple variety and its growth (Mendoza et al, 2010).…”

“…Studies of Mendoza et al (2010) on cell morphology of apple tissues showed cell anisotropy in both the variety and different cultivars. In addition to cell anisotropy, the cell and pore arrangements depend on the apple variety and its growth (Mendoza et al, 2010). Furthermore, the cell morphology and cell from the same apple showed structural differences; in fact, the inner part differs from the outer regions of the apple cortex (Verboven et al, 2008;Khan and Vincent, 1990).…”

Non-Destructive Global and Localized 2D T1/T2 NMR Relaxometry to Resolve Microstructure in Apples Affected by Watercore

“…This is due to the heterogeneity found within this region, having lower porosity, higher moisture content and larger pore size and thus higher water mobility. The equatorial region of the apple is characterized by the presence of more abundant vascular tissue Verboven et al 2008;Mendoza et al 2010), and it will result in variable water content in the vascular bundles that will be reflected in the proton peak population. Figure 4 shows a fruit from class 1 (>0 to 10 % of affected tissue).…”

“…Recent studies have used X-ray and micro-X-ray CT for apple microstructure study (Mendoza et al 2010;Verboven et al 2008;Ting et al 2013;Herremans et al 2013a, b). This technique allows the microstructure elucidation with resolution of a few micrometres.…”