Multifractal Description of the Maternal Surface of the Placenta

Abstract

Background: Recently, multifractal analysis based on generalized concepts of fractals has been applied to biological tissues composed of complex structures. Methods: Using digitized images of the maternal surface of 278 placentas, multifractal parameters were measured with a fractal analysis software. Results: The values of α_min, α(0), α_max and the degree of multifractality given by the α_max – α_min difference calculated from 278 placentas were 1.840 ± 0.068, 2.089 ± 0.034, 2.856 ± 0.128 and 1.017 ± 0.136, respectively. A significant decrease of α_min and as a consequence a significant increase in the degree of multifractality were observed according to gestational age. The α(0) value of the placenta complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) was significantly higher than that without PIH. The α_min and α(0) values of the placenta having intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were significantly higher than those without IUGR. On the other hand, the presence of chorioamnionitis did not change multifractal properties of the maternal surface of the placenta. Conclusion: The multifractal parameters may be objective indices of the heterogeneity or complexity of the macroscopic morphology of the maternal surface of the placenta. Multifractal analysis holds a promise for quantitatively evaluating physiological and pathological development of the placenta.

Birthweight placental weight ratio of appropriate‐for‐dates and light‐for‐dates infants in preterm delivery

“…also affect placental and fetal growth. A recent report using a new mathematical method of multifractal analysis has shown that placentas with PIH or FGR possess different structural patterns 13 . Therefore, there may be some differences in placental growth patterns throughout gestation among these conditions.…”