Multifocal Pupillographic Assessment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

The mean effect of exudative AMD on contraction amplitudes reflected the severity of disease, and ROC analysis from amplitude deviations improved the sensitivity of detection of exudative AMD. A longitudinal investigation into the mfPOP responses of patients with non-exudative AMD may detect and classify visual fields with poor prognosis.

Comparing multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) in retinal diseases

“…Since 2009 our group has published several reports using multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP)123456789101112. The method was pioneered by others1314.…”

“…The most successful mfPOP variant for retinal disease tests 44 regions of the macular field of each eye concurrently56912. The most powerful diagnostic measure for the earliest stages of AMD and diabetic eye disease is asymmetries in sensitivity between anatomically equivalent visual field regions of the two eyes256912. This is driven by a combination of visual field regions showing both sensitivity reductions and moderate sensitivity increases, and is assisted by the two eyes being tested simultaneously, providing a within subject control.…”

Image and Non-Image Forming Melanopsin Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…Although a visual function deficit in AMD participants was found using the PLR, Brozou et al (2009) focused on the pupil constriction amplitude and velocity, thus only considering the outer (rod and cone) retina driven pupil response. In two separate studies, Sabeti et al (2013;2011) use multifocal pupillography (mfPOP) to assess local retinal function in persons with early AMD (Sabeti et al 2013) and exudative AMD (Sabeti et al 2011) compared to age-matched controls. Mean constriction amplitudes and time to peak delays in AMD participants were decreased; however, mfPOP only assesses the outer retina.…”

“…In AMD, the PLR has been used as a measure of outer retinal function (Asakawa, Ishikawa, Ichibe & Shimizu 2014;Brozou et al 2009;Nakayama, Nowak, Ishikawa, Asakawa & Ichibe 2014;Rosli et al 2012;Sabeti et al 2013;Sabeti et al 2011) and demonstrates a longer latency to constriction and reduction in maximum pupil constriction amplitude. However, these studies were not designed to measure ipRGC function in AMD.…”

“…Previous studies of the pupil light reflex in AMD focused on the latency to pupil constriction, transient pupil response and maximum pupil constriction which is largely controlled by the outer retina Brozou et al 2009;Rosli et al 2012;Sabeti et al 2013;Sabeti et al 2011), however these studies included patients with advanced exudative AMD and the deficit is expected to be larger in later disease stages. Using multifocal pupillography, Sabeti et al (2014) found reduced pupil responses in patients with early AMD, however their pupil paradigm is not designed to measure ipRGC function.…”