Multifactorial regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during development

Rosenfeld, Patricia; Suchecki, Deborah; Levine, Seymour

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80196-4

Cited by 226 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…An alternative explanation for the increase level of neurogenesis in P8 male and female rats involves the peculiar profile of corticosterone response to stress in rat pups. In the first two weeks of life, rat pups undergo a developmental period known as the stress hyporesponsive period, during which most stressors fail to induce corticosterone secretion (Rosenfeld et al, 1992;Walker et al, 1986;Witek-Janusek, 1988). Because corticosterone has been implicated in impairment of dentate gyrus neurogenesis (reviewed in Schoenfeld and Gould (2012)) and of normal development of the hippocampus (reviewed in Pawluski et al (2009)), we hypothesized that failure to increase secretion of this hormone might have protected neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in P1 and, especially, P8 adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex-related long-term behavioral and hippocampal cellular alterations after nociceptive stimulation throughout postnatal development in rats

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex-related long-term behavioral and hippocampal cellular alterations after nociceptive stimulation throughout postnatal development in rats

et al. 2014

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“…Effective environmental interventions enhance homeostasis and stability in preterm infants in the NICU and are essential elements of neonatal nursing care. 56,57 Rodent studies have shown, for example, that maternal contact and/or nonnutritive sucking can reduce corticosterone levels in the preweaning period 58 and that consummatory behavior can reduce the corticosterone response to novelty in adulthood. 59 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Procedural Pain and Preterm Infant Cortisol Response to Novelty at 8 Months

2004

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. Stress systems may be altered in the long term in preterm infants for multiple reasons, including early exposure to procedural pain in neonatal intensive care. This question has received little attention beyond hospital discharge. Stress responses (cortisol) to visual novelty in preterm infants who were born at extremely low gestational age (ELGA; <28 weeks), very low gestational age (VLGA; 29 -32 weeks), and term were compared at 8 months of age corrected for prematurity (corrected chronological age [CCA]). In addition, among the preterm infants, we evaluated whether cortisol levels at 8 months were related to neonatal exposure to procedural pain and morphine in the neonatal intensive care unit.Methods. Seventy-six infants, 54 preterm (<32 weeks' GA at birth) and 22 term-born infants who were seen at 8 months CCA composed the study sample, after excluding those with major sensory, motor, or cognitive impairment. Salivary cortisol was measured before (basal) and 20 minutes after introduction of novel toys (post 1) and after developmental assessment (post 2).Results. Salivary cortisol was significantly higher in ELGA infants at 8 months, compared with the VLGA and term groups before and after introduction of visual novelty. Term-born and VLGA infants showed a slight decrease in cortisol when playing with novel toys, whereas the ELGA group showed higher basal and sustained levels of cortisol. After controlling for early illness severity and duration of supplemental oxygen, higher basal cortisol levels in preterm infants at 8 months' CCA were associated with higher number of neonatal skin-breaking procedures. In contrast, cortisol responses to novelty were predicted equally well by neonatal pain or GA at birth. No relationship between morphine dosing and cortisol response was demonstrated in these infants.Conclusions. ELGA preterm infants show a different pattern of cortisol levels before and after positive stimulation of visual novelty than more maturely born, VLGA preterm and term-born infants. Exposure to high numbers of skin-breaking procedures may contribute to "resetting" basal arousal systems in preterm infants. Pediatrics 2004;114:e77-e84. URL: http://www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/114/1/e77; pain, stress, premature infants, novelty, cortisol, morphine.

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“…Significant differences were detected for maternal deprivation (F ¼ 64.2, po0.0001), time (F ¼ 176.5, po0.0001), with a maternal deprivation by injection treatment interaction (F ¼ 5.3, po0.001). As previously reported (Rosenfeld et al, 1992a;Stanton et al, 1988), prolonged maternal deprivation resulted in a significant increase of basal CORT levels (time 0, NDEP vs DEP, F ¼ 74.3, po0.001). Plasma CORT levels were also significantly elevated 1 h after the 3% saline injection (F ¼ 66.5, po0.0001) and the DEP VEH-treated animals had a trend to higher CORT levels compared to DEP Handled animals.…”

Section: Microdensitometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animal model of prolonged maternal deprivation during the SHRP developed by Levine's group (for a review see de Kloet et al, 1988;Suchecki et al, 1995Suchecki et al, , 1993b has been used by several laboratories to increase our understanding of the infant's stress physiology (Anisman et al, 1998;Avishai-Eliner et al, 1999;de Kloet et al, 1996;Eghbal-Ahmadi et al, 1999;Katz et al, 1996). When a mother is removed from the home cage, infant rats are exquisitely responsive to mild stressors and show persistent pituitary and adrenal hyper-responsiveness to stressors within the immediate postnatal period (Rosenfeld et al, 1992a;Stanton et al, 1988). CRH mRNA expression has been studied in the PVN in this paradigm, and has revealed that there is a rapid induction of heteronuclear and mature mRNA for CRH in both deprived and nondeprived animals within 15 min of an isotonic saline injection (Dent et al, 2000b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Deprivation on Brain Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Circuits: Prevention of CRH Receptor-2 mRNA Changes by Desipramine Treatment

Vázquez

Eskandari

Phelka

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts within the brain and pituitary to coordinate the overall endocrinological and behavioral stress response. From postnatal day (PND) 4 to 14, the infant rat displays minimal adrenal response to mild stress. However, maternal deprivation alters the pituitary-adrenal system such that the infants become responsive to specific stimuli. We hypothesized that maternal deprivation would also affect CRH brain circuits. Since tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to decrease the adrenal response to stress in adult rats, we hypothesized that CRH-related changes induced by maternal deprivation would be prevented by this treatment. Thus, we investigated CRH-related molecules on animals that were maternally deprived on PND 13 compared with nondeprived animals. We found that maternal deprivation caused alterations in the gene expression of both CRH receptors (CRHr) 1 and 2 in specific brain regions, and that some of these effects were augmented by chronic isotonic saline injections. There was a significant increase in CRH, CRHr1, and r2 mRNA in the cortex. In amygdala, CRHr1 and r2 mRNAs were decreased. CRHr2 mRNA was also decreased in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas an increase was detected in the hippocampal pyramidal cells. One week of desipramine (DES) administration preceding the maternal deprivation event prevented all the deprivation-induced changes in CRHr2 mRNA, regardless of the direction of the original change. We also found that chronic injection treatments enhanced the adrenocortical response and improved the efficiency of negative feedback in maternal deprivation animals. These results demonstrate that maternal deprivation elicits modifications of CRH brain circuits in a site-specific manner, and that the regulation of CRHr2 gene expression is mediated by mechanisms different from those involved with the modulation of CRHr1 in the infant rat.

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Multifactorial regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during development

Cited by 226 publications

References 160 publications

Sex-related long-term behavioral and hippocampal cellular alterations after nociceptive stimulation throughout postnatal development in rats

Sex-related long-term behavioral and hippocampal cellular alterations after nociceptive stimulation throughout postnatal development in rats

Neonatal Procedural Pain and Preterm Infant Cortisol Response to Novelty at 8 Months

Impact of Maternal Deprivation on Brain Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Circuits: Prevention of CRH Receptor-2 mRNA Changes by Desipramine Treatment

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