Multifaceted applications of green carbon dots synthesized from renewable sources

Tejwan, Neeraj; Saha, Subbroto Kumar; Das, Joydeep

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2019.102046

Cited by 135 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Interestingly, CQDs can successfully act as both electron donors and acceptors [2][3][4].CQDs can be prepared from various resources, such as peels (mango, orange, banana, pineapple, onion, seaweed etc. ), meat, grains, nuts, or vegetable by-products, which makes them a low-cost material [30,31]. Currently, these nanomaterials are widely applied in drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, cell labelling, and many other fields, including optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis [24][25][26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Currently, these nanomaterials are widely applied in drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, cell labelling, and many other fields, including optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis [24][25][26]. There are two main methods for carbon quantum dot obtainment, namely, bottom-up and top-down, which differ in terms of the carbon source [30,31]. Pure carbon has low water solubility and weak fluorescence.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the so called "one step" approaches enable the preparation of carbon dots with mediocre biocompability and unsatisfying quantum yield. Therefore, in most cases they are followed with the "second step" which is surface passivation or modification [30,31]. The bottom-up approach, on the other hand, uses simple raw materials, such as glucose, aminoacid, fresh vegetables, or waste biomass.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, currently, the most desirable CQD preparation methods are solvothermal and hydrothermal ones due to their ecofriendly nature and possibility of carbon dot self-passivation during the synthesis [2,32]. Aforementioned CQD obtainment pathways are inexpensive, fast, and scalable [30,31]. Nevertheless, they also have some major drawbacks, such as poor control over CQD size, which is extremely important in the case of biomedical applications.…”

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Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoobjects of a size below 10 nm. Due to their favorable features, such as tunable luminescence, unique optical properties, water solubility, and lack of cytotoxicity, they are willingly applied in biomedicine. They can be obtained via bottom-up and top-down methods. However, to increase their quantum yield they must undergo post-processing. The aim of the following research was to obtain a new type of CQDs modified with a rhodamine b derivative to enhance their fluorescence performance without biocompability deterioration. For their preparation glucose was used as a precursor and four different carbonizing agents which affected semi-and final products luminescence properties. The ready nanomaterials were investigated over their chemical structure by FTIR and NMR, whereas morphology was investigated by the TEM method. Their optical properties were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Fluorescence behavior, photo-and pH-stability, as well as solvatochromism showed their applicability in various biomedical applications due to the controlled properties. The samples exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The results showed that proposed strategy enables preparation of the superior nanomaterials with outstanding luminescence properties such as quantum yield up to 17% which can be successfully applied in cell labelling, bioimaging, and theranostics.Molecules 2020, 25, 736 2 of 18 can release cadmium ions leading to cell death. Importantly, it occurred that quantum dots may undergo certain modifications resulting in the change of their surface or chemical structure [27,28]. Finally, their preparation is expensive. Therefore, there was a need for a novel type of quantum dots which would be suitable for biomedical applications. In 2004, a new type of carbon-based materials was accidentally obtained during nanotube purification [29]. Until then, numerous types of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been obtained with various possible applications due to their very attractive properties, such as luminesce, good water solubility, high photostability, resistance to photobleaching or photoblinking, possibility, chemical inertness and, finally, lack of toxicity and biocompability [1][2][3]. Furthermore, CQDs' region of photoluminescence is very broad, starting in the ultraviolet and ending in the near-infrared. Although, until now, the luminescence behavior of carbon nanodots is still not fully clear, it is believed that crucial role plays two factors, namely, that the quantum size is below 10 nm and surface defects which may act as excitation energy traps. Interestingly, CQDs can successfully act as both electron donors and acceptors [2][3][4].CQDs can be prepared from various resources, such as peels (mango, orange, banana, pineapple, onion, seaweed etc.), meat, grains, nuts, or vegetable by-products, which makes them a low-cost material [30,31]. Currently, these nanomaterials are widely applied in drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimag...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…CDs are the newly discovered member among the family with size less than 10 nm [1]. These nanomaterials are enriched with superior properties like excellent quantum yield, superior biocompatibility, good water solubility, higher degree of cell permeability and low cytotoxicity [2] which make them useful to be applied in the elds of biology and medicine [3]. CDs can be synthesized using various chemical and natural precursors via both top down as well as bottom up approaches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel green carbon dots as a bioimaging agent and a drug delivery system for enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy

Tejwan¹,

Kundu²,

Sharma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Now-a-days, synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from renewable sources has attracted considerable attention due to their wide spread availability, lower cost, higher aqueous solubility and more biocompatibility. Here, we have synthesized water soluble CDs from the root extract of red Korean ginseng via simple microwave irradiation. The CDs were further loaded with a natural flavonoid, rutin, to check its efficacy as a drug delivery system. Result The CDs showed a size distribution between 1–4 nm and excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, and could be used as a bio-imaging agent.The CDs showed a drug loading content of 14% and a sustained drug release behavior at physiological conditions. CDs showed excellent free radical scavenging activity both in cell free systems and intra-cellular conditions. Besides, loading with the drug further improved the intra-cellular radical scavenging activity. The CDs and the nanohybrids also showed very little toxicity upto the concentration of 100 µg/mL in normal kidney epithelial cells. The CDs and the nanohybrids also showed a dose-dependent antibacterial effect against both gram negative as well as gram positive bacteria. Conclusion Our synthesized green CDs can be considered as a promising candidate for the biomedical applications due to its facile synthesis, low cytotoxicity, excellent fluorescent properties and potential as drug delivery systems.

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Monochromatic Blue and Switchable Blue‐Green Carbon Quantum Dots by Room‐Temperature Air Plasma Processing

Weerasinghe

Scott

Deshan

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs, C‐dots or CDs) are an emerging type of nanomaterial which has received immense attention due to their numerous applications. However, most of the reported CQDs in literature typically emit single emission peak under an excitation. Multipeak emissions without any complicated techniques will be ideal for various applications in the fields of ratiometric sensing, optoelectronics, and multifunctional bio‐imaging systems. Here, a fast, effective, and single‐step method is developed for the bulk synthesis of CQDs using atmospheric pressure air plasmas. Structural, morphological, and chemical properties are characterized by advanced analytical techniques. The CQDs have an average diameter of about 3 nm with a narrow size distribution. Emission wavelengths of 470 nm for blue emissive CQDs and 515 nm for green emissive CQDs are observed. Concentration dependency of the CQDs suggests that the switchable mechanism is due to the formation of PTSA excimers. Dual‐emissive CQDs have the potential to be used in bi‐channel ratiometric determination for metal ions, pH sensing, tumor diagnosis and detection, and solid‐state lighting materials. The proof‐of‐principle demonstration of the use of dual‐emissive CQDs (DCQDs) as a fluorescent sensor of Cu2+ ions is also presented to highlight the possible applications.

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Multifaceted applications of green carbon dots synthesized from renewable sources

Cited by 135 publications

References 170 publications

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Synthesis of a novel green carbon dots as a bioimaging agent and a drug delivery system for enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy

Monochromatic Blue and Switchable Blue‐Green Carbon Quantum Dots by Room‐Temperature Air Plasma Processing

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