Multielement Neutron Activation Analysis of Rock Using Chemical Group Separations and High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry

Morrison, George H.; Gerard, J.; Travesi, A.; Currie, R.L.; Peterson, S.; Potter, Noel M.

doi:10.1021/ac60281a601

Cited by 83 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Mercury and zinc can be measured instrumentally utilizing a special coincidence-anticoincidence Ge(Li) detector system (Cooper and Perkins, 1972). Utilizing Ge(Li) diode spectrometry and group radiochemical separations, the pollutant elements of interest can be be measured (Filby et al, 1970;Morrison et al, 1969;Peterson et al, 1969).…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landstrom et al (1969), Morrison et al (1969), andPeterson et al (1969), have outlined sequential group chemical separation schemes for measuring a large number of elements, including Cd, in geological material by NAA. The methods of Morrison et al (1969), andPeterson et al (1969), are the same. After dissolution of the sample by H^SO.-HF digestions the residue is dissolved in 8N HCl and passed through a column of hydrated antimony pent-24 oxide (HAP) to remove Na.…”

Section: Cadmium Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, to measure Zn in neutron activated sediments, it needs only to be separated 46 from Sc. The sequential separation schemes developed by Morrison et al (1969), andPeterson et al (1969), can be used for this purpose. The procedure is exactly the same as that described earlier for measuring Cd in sediments.…”

Section: Zinc Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutron activation techniques for the measurement of trace metals in environmental samples

Robertson¹,

Carpenter²

1974

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Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cadmium Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutron activation techniques for the measurement of trace metals in environmental samples

Robertson¹,

Carpenter²

1974

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“…In thermal neutron activation analysis, however, the number of the elements determinable by a non-destructive technique is limited because of high swamping activities either from abundant elements or trace elements with high thermal neutron capture cross sections such as manganese, sodium, scandium and cobalt. This approach could only be realised when a strictly instrumental technique was introduced in sequential activation procedures [13] or when chemical group separations were combined with high-resolution gamma-spectrometry [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multielement Photon Activation Analysis of Rock Materials with 30 MeV Bremsstrahlung

1974

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Nondestructive photon activation analysis with high-resolution gamma-spectrometry has been used to determine 6 major and 8 minor elements in USGS G-l and W-l rocks and in Japanese standard rocks JG-1 and JB-1. The rock sample and the multielement standards were irradiated simultaneously with 30 MeV bremsstrahlung and the (γ, η) and (γ, ρ) reaction products were measured with a Ge(Li) detector. Elements found suitable for determination by this method include sodium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cerium and barium. The abundance values obtained are in good agreement with pubis h ed data.

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“…These so-called "low energy photon detectors" (LEPD) are especially useful for mea suring low-energy photons, i.e. Several approaches for geolo gical samples appear in the literature, such, as the group separation system of Morrison et al (112), where the sample is dissolved in H2SO4 and HF, the volatiles are trapped in con centrated NaOH and the residue dissolved in 8N.HC1. Mantel and Amiel (99) applied X-ray spectrometry with a Si (Li) detector for the determination of the lanthanides in neutron-activated samples of xenotime and monazite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation Analysis of Ores and Minerals

Gijbels¹

1978

Analytical Chemistry in the Exploration, Mining and Processing of Materials

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This review deals with applications of activation analysis to geological samples : ores, minerals and rocks. The various activation sources suitable for this purpose are discussed. Applications using isotopic neutron sources are re viewed in some detail, those using neutron generators are discussed on a more gene ral basis. Present trends in instrumental neutron-activation techniques are brief ly indicated, in particular Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometry, coincidence counting, delayed neutron counting, prompt gamma counting and observation of nuclear tracks. The application of photon and charged particle activation to geological samples is also considered.R.H. GIJBELS and J. HERTOGEN An unmoderated isotopic neutron source (e.g. 2^1 Am/Ee) is perhaps the best choice for deter mining the fluorine content of fluorine ores and concentrates via the reaction 19 F(n,a) 16 N (threshold energy ^ 2 MeV), without interference from the 16 0(n,p) 16 N reaction. For the precise instrumental determination of manganese in pyrolusite ores, via the sensitive reac tion 5 5 Mn(n,y)^*>Mn, a relatively modest isotopic source of moderated neutrons is ideally suited. Nuclear reactors, accelerators and isotopic neutron sources are so different in neu tron production and neutron energy, that only for some applications they can be considered competitors.Other criteria to be considered are, of course, cost of the neutron source, possibility for transportation, dimension of source plus shielding, the necessity of having highly special ized personnel, etc. In mobile installations, for geophysical prospection, radioisotope sources with yields of less than 10^n/s, with or without moderator, have mostly been used, mainly in the U.S.S.R. (Ref. 7). The neutron flux in the irradiation zone with the above source strength is usually not more than lO^n.cm" 2^" " 1 , depending upon the design. Experi ments in the U.S.A. and in the U.S.S.R. have shown that deuteron accelerators, (pumped and sealed tube), producing 14 MeV, 3 MeV or moderated neutrons are also transportable .In stationary conditions, heavier shielding is only a cost, not a transportation problem, hence more powerful neutron sources can be used than in field conditions (i.e. isotopic neu tron sources of greater strength; laboratory neutron generators and so-called neutron multi pliers) .Reactor neutron activation analysis,charged particle and gamma activation analysis (Bremsstrahlung of varying energy, 3-40 MeV, obtained from electrostatic, linear wave-guide and cyclic electron accelerators : betatron and synchrotons) is practically restricted to sta tionary applications. The main trends of the use of various neutron and Bremsstrahlung sour ces for the study of rocks and ores have been described by Savosin et al. (15) . APPLICATIONS USING ISOTOPIC NEUTRON SOURCES AND NEUTRON MULTIPLIERS.The use of isotopic neutron sources and neutron multipliers in ore and rock analysis has been discussed in some detail by Gijbels (16) . One can use the original neutron spectrum with neutron energies up to 4...

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Multielement Neutron Activation Analysis of Rock Using Chemical Group Separations and High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry

Cited by 83 publications

References 7 publications

Neutron activation techniques for the measurement of trace metals in environmental samples

Neutron activation techniques for the measurement of trace metals in environmental samples

Multielement Photon Activation Analysis of Rock Materials with 30 MeV Bremsstrahlung

Activation Analysis of Ores and Minerals

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