Multielement Analysis of Canadian Wines by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Multivariate Statistics

Abstract

Trace element fingerprints were deciphered for wines from Canada's two major wine-producing regions, the Okanagan Valley and the Niagara Peninsula, for the purpose of examining differences in wine element composition with region of origin and identifying elements important to determining provenance. Analysis by ICP-MS allowed simultaneous determination of 34 trace elements in wine (Li, Be, Mg, Al, P, Cl, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) at low levels of detection, and patterns in trace element concentrations were deciphered by multivariate statistical analysis. The two regions were discriminated with 100% accuracy using 10 of these elements. Differences in soil chemistry between the Niagara and Okanagan vineyards were evident, without a good correlation between soil and wine composition. The element Sr was found to be a good indicator of provenance and has been reported in fingerprinting studies of other regions.

Multivariate classification based on chemical and stable isotopic profiles in sourcing the origin of marijuana samples seized in Brazil

“…As follow, this analysis provides four different clusters: i) samples from Northern Region (9 from BA, 18 from PE and 4 from CE), including the 7 samples from MA with isotopic profile typical of dry regions (see Table 1) and one sample from PA; ii) samples from humid regions subdivided in Amazon (19 from PA and 5 from MA) and Mato Grosso do Sul (18), including the 9 samples from CE that probably were originated from Paraguay, 3 from PE and 1 from BA; iii) the remaining samples from MS; iv) the rest of samples from Marijuana Polygon, including the remaining ones from CE. It is interesting to notice that 2 samples from Pernambuco that presented isotopic profiles different from the rest of the group (see Table 1) are clustered together with samples from Mato Grosso do Sul.…”

“…This fingerprint can be established using samples organic, [8][9][10][11] inorganic 6,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or isotopic [20][21][22][23][24] profiles which are related to the plant growth conditions such as climatic conditions and elements availability in the soil. Although each one of these strategies provide very interesting and powerful results, the use of a set of variables independents from each other would be able to provides complementary information which could make it a distinct feature in the sourcing their origins.…”

“…This feature allows the using of plant samples as environmental pollution biomonitor, hence they can appear as element accumulator, mainly for toxic metals. 26,27 There are many articles in the literature that show the feasibility of using these chemical profile to source the origin of agricultural materials such as wine, 18 wheat, 19 tea 17,28 and barley 25 however data related to Cannabis samples are still scarce.…”

Evaluation of the multi-element capabilities of collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry in wine analysis

“…non-CCT) [11,[25][26][27]. The LoDs listed in Table 2 are below the concentration levels usually found for these elements in wines, with the exception of Li and Be [3,28].…”

“…Figure 2 shows the BEC rel values, defined as the ratio between the BECs measured in CCT-mode to those in non-CCT mode, for both interfered and non-interfered nuclides 9 Be + and 45 Sc + , the analyte ion scattering is more significant than background reduction, hence, the BECs with CCT were higher than those without CCT [14]. For other nuclides ( 11 B + , 27 Al + , 47 Ti + , etc. ), the effect of using CCT on background and analyte signal was similar and thus, no significant change in the BEC was observed.…”