Multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hospital infection associated with high mortality: A retrospective study in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Background Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii presents challenges for clinical treatment and causes high mortality in children. We aimed to assess the risk factors and overall mortality for MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infected pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective study included 102 pediatric patients who developed MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shanghai Children’s Hospital in China from December 2014 to May 2018. Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates were recovered from different specimens including blood, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, ascites, hydrothorax, and urine. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria. Clinical and biological data were obtained from the patients’ medical records.Results 102 patients with Acinetobacter baumannii infection were enrolled. The median age was 36 (9.6, 98.8) months, and there were 63 male in the case group. The overall mortality rate was 29.4%, while the Acinetobacter baumannii-associated mortality rate was 16.7% (17/102, 12 bloodstream infections, 4 meningitis and 1 intra-abdominal infection). Bloodstream infections occurred in 28 patients (27.5%), and 10 patients (9.8%) among them had central line-associated bloodstream infections (6 central venous catheters, 2 PICCs, 1 venous infusion port and 1 arterial catheter). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive in 4(3.9%) patients. 14(13.7%) patients got positive cultures in ascites and hydrothorax. Lower respiratory isolates (56/102) accounted for 54.9% of all patients. Non-survival patients appeared to have a lower NK cell activity (6.2%±3.61% vs. 9.15%±6.21%, P =0.029), higher CD4+ T cell ratio (39.67%±12.18% vs. 32.66%±11.44%, P = 0.039),and a higher serum level of interlukin-8 (IL-8, 15.25 (1.62, 47.22)pg/ml vs. 0.1 (0.1, 22.99)pg/ml, P=0.01) when Acinetobacter baumannii infection developed. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that high serum level of Cr (RR, 0.934, 95%CI, 0.890-0.981；P=0.007) and high BUN/ALB level (RR, 107.893, 95%CI, 1.425-870.574; p= 0.005) were associated with high risk of mortality in MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infected patients. Conclusion MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a serious concern in pediatric patients with high mortality. Bloodstream and central nervous infection accounted for high risk of death. Acute kidney injury is associated with high risk of mortality.

Colonization with Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Cohort Study

“…Among critically ill patients, the estimated increase in the in-hospital mortality rate due to A. baumannii infection ranges between 7.8% and 23%, and the attributable ICU mortality ranges from 10% to 43% (29). High mortality rates have been reported in patients infected with drug-resistant A. baumannii (30,31). However, only a few studies have elucidated the association between mortality and colonization of drug-resistant strains.…”

Colonization with Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Cohort Study

“…Among critically ill patients, the estimated increase of in-hospital mortality rate due to A. baumannii infection ranges between 7.8% and 23%, and attributable ICU mortality ranges from 10-43% [28]. High mortality rates have been reported in patients infected with drug-resistant A. baumannii [29,30]. Colonization with multiple drugresistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB) upon ICU admission is related with a 1.4-fold increase in in-hospital death rate [15].…”