Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Infection and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital ICU.

Nwadike, Victor Ugochukwul; Ojide, Chiedozie Kingsley; Kalu, Eziyi Iche

doi:10.4314/ajid.v8i1.4

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…This was parallel with studies conducted in Tikur Anbessa Hospital (88.2%), Ethiopia [25] and Southeast China (100%) [35]. Moreover, high level (88.9%) of MDR A. baumannii isolates resistance to amoxacillin clavulanic acid in the present study was comparable with earlier studies in Nigeria [43] and Southeast China [35], where all isolates of A. baumannii were resistant against amoxacillin-clavulanic acid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In this study, all isolates of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were MDR (100%). This finding was consistent with studies conducted in Sodo (81.4 & 83.3%), Ethiopia [18], Tanzania (100%) [44], Ghana (100%) [30] and India (76.8%) [43]. However, it was higher than reports from Uganda (38 & 40%) [26], Saudi (28.2%) [42], Saudi Arabia (71.8%) [45] and Italy (20 & 54%) [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, 33.3% of A. baumannii isolates from the present findings showed resistance against meropenem. The finding was relatively similar with studies conducted in Sodo, Ethiopia [18], Tanzania [44] and Nigeria [43] where, 30.2-40% resistance rate against meropenem reported. However, in Saudi [42], resistance against meropenem was reported in 90.5% of A. baumannii isolates, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The resistance level of MDR isolates of A. baumannii to ciprofloxacin (44.5%) in the present study was lower than studies done in Tikur Anbessa Hospital (70.6%) and Sodo (88.4%), Ethiopia [18,25], Uganda (78%) [26], Nigeria (100%) [43], Southeast China (89.6%) [35] and Italy (84%) [27]. The low resistance rate against ciprofloxacin and meropenem in the present study might be due to the high price and unavailability of the drugs in the hospital.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

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Multi-drug resistance of blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site nosocomial infections of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020

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Background Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major causes of nosocomial infections globally. They are the current World Health Organization critical priority pathogens for resistance, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and discovery of new antibiotics. However, there is paucity of data on nosocomial infections (NIs) caused by such superbugs in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the magnitude and profile of nosocomial MDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Felegehiwot referral hospital from April 1 to July 31, 2018. A total of 238 patients with blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site NIs were enrolled conveniently. Either blood, urine and wound swab specimens were collected and processed using standard bacteriological procedures. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard bacteriological techniques and confirmed by automated Vitek2 Compact. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on isolates was performed using the disk diffusion technique. The results were interpreted as per the standard zone sizes of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Chi-square test was done to determine associations among variables. P value < 0.05 was considered statistical significant. Results The median age of participants was 29 years. Overall,20(8.4%) of patients had nosocomial MDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections. The proportion of nosocomial MDR blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site infections were 13(8.9%), 5(8.3%) and 2 (6.3%), respectively. Patients with NI had lower mean age (24.9 years) (P = 0.035). All isolates of NIs were from patients with intravenous catheterization. The frequency of NI was 9(3.8%) for MDR A. baumannii and 11(4.6%) for MDR P.aeruginosa. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates were 100% MDR. All isolates of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were 100% resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin.A. baumannii isolates were 33.3 and 44.5% resistance against meropenem and ciprofloxacin, respectively while P.aeruginosa isolates revealed 36.4 and 45.5% resistance against ciprofloxacin and meropenem, respectively. Conclusions Health care associated infections of MDR A.baumannii and P. aeruginosa are critical problems in the study area. Therefore, urgent focused interventions required to contain the spreading of MDR NIs. Treatment of NIs for patients on health care should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

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Multi-drug resistance of blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site nosocomial infections of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020

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“…In a 5-year retrospective study spanning 2011 to 2015 in South Africa, 6,351 (79.2%) of 8,010 A. baumannii isolates were MDR, resistant to meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, piperacillintazobactam, and ceftazidime, although a decrease from 85% in 2012 to 70% in 2015 was observed [36] . Nwadike et al [37] observed a high rate of MDR (100%) among Acinetobacter isolates and suggested the implementation of AMR stewardship programs in hospitals in southeastern Nigeria to prevent an explosion of MDR bacteria.…”

Section: Multidrug-resistant a Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Africa

Gulumbe¹,

Faggo²

2019

mjima

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Multidrug-resistant organisms/bacteria (MDROs) have significant health implications that either have not been addressed or received only limited attention, especially in resource-constrained settings such as Africa, where access to newer, often costly antibiotics is limited. Acquisition of MDROs has been linked with poorer clinical outcomes and prolonged hospitalization. The evolution and spread of MDROs is influenced by factors such as selective pressure exerted by indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in both agriculture and medicine, lack of prescribing skills and training, lack of access to rapid and reliable diagnostics, suboptimal surveillance, as well as poor implementation and adherence to prevention measures. Reports indicate increased occurrence of MDROs in Africa, including members of Enterobacteriaceae which are often implicated in bloodstream, urinary tract, abdomen, skin and soft tissue infections. However, serious data limitation and underreporting are major hurdles that continue to hinder our understanding of the impact of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we sought to address this gap by providing up-to-date data on the epidemiology of MDROs across the continent, including data on their prevalence and current detection and prevention methods.

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Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria

Bashir¹,

Iliyasu²,

Aliero³

et al. 2019

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction Superbugs are pathogenic micro-organism and especially a bacterium that has developed resistance to the medications normally used against it. As the superbug family increases, the need for appropriate diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control strategies cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this work determined the distribution of superbug bacteria among patients on prolonged hospital admissions in three tertiary hospitals of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken among 401 patients from medical, surgery, orthopedic and burn centre wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Kano state. A sample collected comprises wound/pus, urine, urine catheter and nasal intubation and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for Acinetobacter spp and other related nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results One hundred and thirty eight (138) isolates were recovered, from the studied participants. More than 80% of the nosocomial infections (NIs) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebseilla spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomona spp and Acinetobacter spp. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that acinetobacter were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, perfloxacin and imipenem. Conclusion Superbugs (Acinetobacter species) significantly contributed to delayed hospital admissions through observed 100% resistance to used antibiotics. The healthcare managers of these hospitals and the ministry of health need to take measures against this resistant bacteria ( Acinetobacter spp) especially on prescribing antibiotics that showed 100% resistant from these studied hospitals.

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Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Infection and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital ICU.

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Multi-drug resistance of blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site nosocomial infections of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Multi-drug resistance of blood stream, urinary tract and surgical site nosocomial infections of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients hospitalized at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Africa

Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria

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