Multidisciplinary Studies of Chagyrskaya Cave – A Middle Paleolithic Site in Altai

Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Маркин, С. В.; Колобова, К. А.; Chabai, Victor P.; Rudaya, Natalia; Viola, Bence; Бужилова, А.П.; Mednikova, Maria B.; Vasiliev, S.; Zykin, V. S.; Zykina, V.S.; Zazhigin, Vladimir S.; Volvakh, A. O.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Li, Bo

doi:10.17746/7803-0288-9.2018

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Chagyrskaya 8 is thus related to Neandertal populations that moved east sometime between 120 and 80 kya ( 13 ). Interestingly, the artifacts found in Chagyrskaya Cave show similarities to artifact assemblages in central and eastern Europe ( 10 and SI Appendix 1 ), suggesting that Neandertal populations coming from western Eurasia to Siberia may have brought their material culture with them ( 10 , 34 ). Some of these incoming Neandertals encountered local Denisovan populations, as shown by Denisova 11 , who had a Denisovan father and a Neandertal mother related to the population in which Chagyrskaya 8 lived.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave

Mafessoni

Grote

Filippo

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains, Russia, to 27-fold genomic coverage. We show that this Neandertal was a female and that she was more related to Neandertals in western Eurasia [Prüfer et al., Science 358, 655–658 (2017); Hajdinjak et al., Nature 555, 652–656 (2018)] than to Neandertals who lived earlier in Denisova Cave [Prüfer et al., Nature 505, 43–49 (2014)], which is located about 100 km away. About 12.9% of the Chagyrskaya genome is spanned by homozygous regions that are between 2.5 and 10 centiMorgans (cM) long. This is consistent with the fact that Siberian Neandertals lived in relatively isolated populations of less than 60 individuals. In contrast, a Neandertal from Europe, a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains, and ancient modern humans seem to have lived in populations of larger sizes. The availability of three Neandertal genomes of high quality allows a view of genetic features that were unique to Neandertals and that are likely to have been at high frequency among them. We find that genes highly expressed in the striatum in the basal ganglia of the brain carry more amino-acid-changing substitutions than genes expressed elsewhere in the brain, suggesting that the striatum may have evolved unique functions in Neandertals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave

Mafessoni

Grote

Filippo

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

195

266

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“…Some of these samples have been dated previously and their D e values determined using standard SAR methods; here we investigate their growth curves in detail for purposes of developing and testing a gSGC. Samples Chag12-1, -6, 9 and -10 were collected from sedimentary deposits at Chagyrskaya Cave, Russia (Derevianko et al, 2013(Derevianko et al, , 2017Slon et al, 2017), and samples DCE12-3, -4, -12 and -14, DCM12-3, -5, -26 and -27 and DCS12-5 were collected from sediments deposited in Denisova Cave, Russia (Krause et al, 2010;Reich et al, 2010;Slon et al, 2017). LC10-05 is a sample of colluvialalluvial sediment collected from Early Aurignacian levels at Les Cottés, France (Talamo et al, 2012;Jacobs et al, 2015).…”

Section: Sample Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-grain dating of potassium-rich feldspar grains: Towards a global standardised growth curve for the post-IR IRSL signal

Jacobs

2018

Quaternary Geochronology

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Potassium-rich feldspar (K-feldspar) grains were extracted from 28 sediment samples from sites in Asia, Europe and Africa and the dose response curves-or growth curves-were constructed from the postinfrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) signals emitted by individual grains. The samples exhibit large between-grain variation in both pIRIR signal intensity and the shape of the corresponding growth curves; the latter can be largely explained as a result of measurement uncertainties, including counting statistics and instrumental irreproducibility. This between-grain variation can be reduced by applying a least-squares normalisation (LS-normalisation) procedure, which allows a common growth curve-or global standardised growth curve (gSGC)-to be established for individual K-feldspar grains from the range of samples investigated. Equivalent dose (D e) values for single grains can be estimated using the fitting parameters of the gSGC, together with measurements of the natural signal (L n), one regenerative-dose signal (L x) and their corresponding test-dose signals (T n , T x). The D e values obtained using the gSGC approach are consistent at 2σ with those obtained from the individual growth curves constructed for each of the grains. The establishment of a gSGC greatly reduces the time required to measure a large number of grains for old samples, and it also overcomes the problem of D e underestimation that can occur using a full single-aliquot (or single-grain) regenerative-dose (SAR) procedure when a large number of grains are rejected due to issues of 'saturation'. The construction of a gSGC may, therefore, potentially extend the dating range of pIRIR signals beyond the reliable limit of D e estimation using the standard SAR method.

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“…This means that all the grains from the early saturation groups are rejected from the final D e estimation. This method has been successfully applied to date several archaeological sites from southwest China [48] and Russia [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Grain Quartz OSL Characteristics: Testing for Correlations within and between Sites in Asia, Europe and Africa

Jacobs

2019

MPs

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We studied the characteristics of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal of single-grain quartz from three sites in China, Italy, and Libya, including the brightness, decay curve and dose response curve (DRC) shapes, recuperation, and reproducibility. We demonstrate the large variation in OSL behaviors for individual quartz grains of different samples from different regions, and show that recuperation, sensitivity change, and reproducibility are independent of the brightness and decay curve shape of the OSL signals. The single-grain DRCs can be divided into at least eight groups with different characteristic saturation doses (D0), and a standardized growth curve (SGC) can be established for each of the DRC groups. There is no distinctive difference in the shape of OSL decay curves among different DRC groups, but samples from different regions have a difference in the OSL sensitivities and decay shapes for different groups. Many of the quartz grains have low D0 values (30–50 Gy), and more than 99% of the grains have D0 values of <200 Gy. Our results raise caution against the dating of samples with equivalent dose values higher than 100 Gy, if there are many low-D0 and ‘saturated’ grains.

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Multidisciplinary Studies of Chagyrskaya Cave – A Middle Paleolithic Site in Altai

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave

A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave

Single-grain dating of potassium-rich feldspar grains: Towards a global standardised growth curve for the post-IR IRSL signal

Single-Grain Quartz OSL Characteristics: Testing for Correlations within and between Sites in Asia, Europe and Africa

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