Multidisciplinary Aspects of Time and Time Perception

Vatakis, Argiro; Esposito, Anna; Giagkou, Maria; Cummins, Fred; Papadelis, Georgios

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21478-3

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some of this research has employed psychophysical or behavioural techniques and focussed on the development of information-processing models; other work has concerned the neural basis of timing, including the effects of pharmacological treatments and the brain regions responsible for time perception. Increasingly, researchers have integrated these lines of inquiry by developing quantitative models of time perception that are grounded in neurobiology; a number of recent papers comprehensively review these contemporary neural and information-processing accounts (see e.g., Allman, Teki, Griffiths, & Meck, 2014;Merchant, Harrington, & Meck, 2013;Wittmann, 2013), and several edited books/special issues contain interesting collections of (often empirical) articles (e.g., Grondin, 2008;Merchant & de Lafuente, 2015;Meck, Doyère, & Gruart, 2012;Meck & Ivry, in press;Tucci, Buhusi, Gallistel, & Meck, 2014;Vatakis & Allman, 2014;Vatakis, Esposito, Giagkou, Cummins, & Papadelis, 2011;Vatakis & Ulrich, 2014). Block and Grondin (2014) provide a helpful "review of recent reviews", and an annotated bibliography is available online (Block & Hancock, 2013).…”

Section: Temporal Cognition: Connecting Subjective Time To Perception Attention and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory.

Matthews¹,

Meck²

2016

Psychological Bulletin

296

258

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Time is a universal psychological dimension, but time perception has often been studied and discussed in relative isolation. Increasingly, researchers are searching for unifying principles and integrated models that link time perception to other domains. In this review, we survey the links between temporal cognition and other psychological processes. Specifically, we describe how subjective duration is affected by nontemporal stimulus properties (perception), the allocation of processing resources (attention), and past experience with the stimulus (memory). We show that many of these connections instantiate a "processing principle," according to which perceived time is positively related to perceptual vividity and the ease of extracting information from the stimulus. This empirical generalization generates testable predictions and provides a starting-point for integrated theoretical frameworks. By outlining some of the links between temporal cognition and other domains, and by providing a unifying principle for understanding these effects, we hope to encourage time-perception researchers to situate their work within broader theoretical frameworks, and that researchers from other fields will be inspired to apply their insights, techniques, and theorizing to improve our understanding of the representation and judgment of time. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Temporal Cognition: Connecting Subjective Time To Perception Attention and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory.

Matthews¹,

Meck²

2016

Psychological Bulletin

296

258

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Just like any information processed by the human brain, psychological time does not necessarily mirror the physical world, but is generally distorted according to the conditions in which a perceiver is placed (Grondin, 2010;Lake, LaBar, & Meck, 2016). The effect on the perceived duration of emotionally evocative stimuli is now a well identified phenomenon (Droit-Volet, Fayolle, Lamotte, & Gil, 2013;Droit-Volet, Ramos, et al, 2013;Gamache, Grondin, & Zakay, 2011;Grondin, Laflamme, Bienvenue, Labonté, & Roy, 2015;Schirmer, 2016;Vallet, Laflamme, & Grondin, 2019; for a review see Lake et al, 2016). Studies investigating the influence of valence and arousal on time perception typically use prospective paradigms (see Grondin, 2010, or Grondin, 2020, for a systematic presentation of the main methods used in time perception studies) in which participants are informed that they will have to estimate the duration of target intervals (Droit-Volet, Meck, & Penney, 2007;Frederickx et al, 2013).…”

Section: Emotionally-induced Time Distortions and Involved Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later adaptations of the model added an attentional-gate component (Gamache et al, 2011;Lejeune, 2000). This gate is responsible for the allocation of attentional resources to the temporal task.…”

Section: Emotionally-induced Time Distortions and Involved Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxing and stimulating effects of odors on time perception and their modulation by expectancy

Baccarani

Grondin

Laflamme

et al. 2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Although several studies have reported relaxing and stimulating effects of odors on physiology and behavior, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. It has been proposed that participant expectancy could explain these activation effects. Since emotional stimuli are known to modulate time perception, here we used the temporal bisection task to determine whether odors have objective relaxing and stimulating effects by respectively slowing down or speeding up the internal clock and whether prior expectancy could alter these effects. In Experiment 1, 118 participants were presented either with a strawberry odor or an odorless blank. In Experiment 2, 132 participants were presented either with a lemon odor or an odorless blank. In both experiments, expectancy was manipulated using suggestion (verbal instructions). The stimulus was either described as relaxing or stimulating, or was not described. In the absence of prior suggestion, findings showed that, compared to participants presented with an odorless blank, participants presented with the strawberry odor underestimated sound durations (i.e., a relaxing effect) whereas participants presented with the lemon odor overestimated them (i.e., a stimulating effect). These results confirm that pleasant odors can have objective relaxing and stimulating effects by themselves, which are better explained by arousal-based mechanisms rather than attentional distraction. Furthermore, in both experiments, incongruent suggestions undid the effects of both odors without reversing them completely (i.e., strawberry did not become stimulating even if participants were told so). Both these bottom-up and top-down influences should be considered when investigating the emotional impact of odors on human behavior.

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“…Modifying the participant's state of arousal, either by altering their emotions (Baccarani, Grondin, et al, 2021) or requiring them to undertake physical activity Lake et al, 2016), can induce time distortion by changing the speed of the pacemaker. Subsequent developments of this model added an attentional-gate component between the pacemaker and the accumulator, responsible for the allocation of attentional resources to the temporal task (Gamache et al, 2011;Lejeune, 1998;Zakay, 2000). Thus more pulses are accumulated when time is considered to be relevant, whereas pulses may be missed if attention is not allocated to the temporal task.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relaxing and stimulating ambient odors influence preferences for musical tempo

Baccarani,

Brochard

2023

Musicae Scientiae

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It has recently been shown that relaxing and stimulating odors distort time perception by slowing down or speeding up the pacemaker of the internal clock. Since individuals tend to prefer musical tempo at the rate of the pacemaker, we examined whether relaxing and stimulating ambient odors could bias tempo preference in a study in which the musical stimuli were unfamiliar pleasant musical excerpts. Participants listened to pairs of excerpts played at slightly different tempi and had to indicate which one they preferred. We hypothesized that participants exposed to a relaxing odor (strawberry) would prefer the slower excerpts while participants exposed to a stimulating odor (lemon) would prefer the faster excerpts. As expected, the findings showed that participants in the control (no odor) condition preferred the slower of the fast-tempo pairs of excerpts and the faster of the slow-tempo pairs, indicating a preference bias for moderate tempo. Preferences in both odor conditions differed significantly from those in the control condition such that no such preference bias was observed. There was an interaction between tempo and odor such that participants showed no preference for the slower of the fast-tempo pairs of excerpts in the presence of a lemon odor, and no preference for the faster of the slow-tempo pairs in the presence of a strawberry odor. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been shown that odors can alter the rate of the pacemaker without participants being conscious of the presence of an olfactory stimulus in the environment.

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Multidisciplinary Aspects of Time and Time Perception

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory.

Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory.

Relaxing and stimulating effects of odors on time perception and their modulation by expectancy

Relaxing and stimulating ambient odors influence preferences for musical tempo

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