Multidisciplinary Approach to Validate Compost Use in Vegetable Crop Systems in Campania Region (Italy): Effect of Compost Fertilization on Processing Tomato in Field Cultivation

Zaccardelli, Massimo; Perrone, Davide; Galdo, A. Del; Giordana, I.; Villari, G.; Bianco, Maria Del

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.700.50

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the majority of the sporeforming bacteria isolated from the compost used in this study and selected during the composting process showed in vitro antibiotic activity against soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Moreover, a greater decrease in damage by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici to tomato roots has been found in the same soil amended with compost (Zaccardelli et al, 2006;Zaccardelli et al, 2010). These results confirm that compost obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes produced an increase of suppressiveness against phytopathogenic fungi due to a change in the composition of the soil microbial community and a modification of the relationships among microorganisms, both competitive and/or antagonistic, producing a decrease in the activity of plant pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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The development and suppressive activity of soil microbial communities under compost amendment

Zaccardelli

Nicola

Villecco

et al. 2013

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Soil is a highly complex system in which bacteria play a dominant role. Soil microorganism biodiversity is extremely important for sustaining the nutrient cycles of soil ecosystems. The diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities can be influenced by agricultural management. The use of amendments, such as the incorporation of compost into the soil, strongly affects soil microbial communities directly or indirectly. The use of compost can be an important tool to control soil-borne pathogens. Certain groups of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) present in compost produce metabolites, such as siderophores and antibiotics, with specific suppressive activity against soilborne pathogens: among these compost bacteria, species of Pseudomonas and Bacillus are very important. In this study, we investigated the effects of increasing doses of compost on the density of several cultivable soil microbial groups in an agricultural system of Southern Italy. The number of total bacteria, total fungi, siderophore-producing bacteria (principally Pseudomonas spp.) and spore-forming bacteria (principally Bacillus spp.) was evaluated over a period of five months. Moreover, we analyzed the ability of spore-forming bacteria isolated from soil and compost to inhibit, in vitro, five soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium solani, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici). The number of total bacteria and siderophore-producing bacteria was greater in the soil treated with compost than in soils treated with mineral fertilization or not manured, with an increase related to the dose of compost applied. Moreover, the compost used in this study produced a substantial increase in the number of spore-forming bacteria in the soil. Approximately 80% of these bacteria were able to inhibit the soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium solani and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. These results show that compost from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes furnishes a high number of spore-forming bacteria exhibiting antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The application of compost can change the composition of the soil microbial community, modifying the relationships among microorganisms, both competitive and/or antagonistic, producing a decrease in the activity of plant pathogens. These results were in agreement with the decrease in the symptoms of disease on tomato plants cultivated in the soils treated in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In fact, a disease severity index of 1.1 and 1.8 was recorded in soils amended with 15 and 45 t ha -1 d.w. of compost, respectively, whereas the disease severity index was 2.8 in soils amended with mineral fertilizers (Zaccardelli et al, 2006;Zaccardelli et al, 2010). Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The development and suppressive activity of soil microbial communities under compost amendment

Zaccardelli

Nicola

Villecco

et al. 2013

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…Eight soil treatments were compared: on-farm composts (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 and C 4 ) and municipal organic waste compost (C OW ) amendments, mineral normal release (M NR ) and mineral low release (M LR ) nitrogen fertilizers; untreated plots (without any fertilizers and amendment) were used as the reference control (CTRL). Composts were applied at a rate of 30 t ha −1 dry weight according to previous works [48,26]. M NR and M LR consisted of the application of NPK synthetic fertilizers (N = 150 kg ha ), in which nitrogen was ammonium nitrate and ENTEC®26 (a fertilizer containing 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate, a nitrification inhibitor).…”

Section: Field Experimental Design and Plant Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of on-farm composted tomato residues on soil biological activity and yields in a tomato cropping system

Pane

Celano

Piccolo³

et al. 2015

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background: The use of compost may relieve the factors that limit productivity in intensive agricultural systems, such as soil organic matter depletion and soil sickness. Concomitantly, the practice of on-farm composting allows the recycle of cropping green residues into new productive processes. Results: We produced four vegetable composts by using tomato biomass residues in an on-farm composting plant. The tomato-based composts were assessed for their chemical, microbiological properties, and their effects on soils and plants were evaluated after their application within a tomato cropping system. Compost characteristics affected plant development and productivity through increased nutrient uptake and biostimulation functions. Soil biological activities, including basal respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and Biolog community levels of physiological profiles, were differently affected by the on-farm tomato-based composts.

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“…The compost consisted of municipal waste and pruning residues cocomposted in a 1:1 ratio, commercialized for organic agriculture, and was applied at a rate of 30 t ha −1 (dry weight). This rate was estimated previously as the adequate amount to obtain a significant response of soil microbial activity and to substitute inorganic fertilizers in a horticultural productive systems providing invariable levels of yield (Iovieno et al 2009;Pagano et al 2008;Zaccardelli et al 2006). Compost features were organic C 28.0%, humic and fulvic acids 14.2%, total N 2.0%, P 2 O 5 0.8%, K 2 O 1.8%, C-to-N ratio 13.3, total copper (Cu) 67.2 ppm, total zinc (Zn) 146.0 ppm, and salinity 53.2 meq 100 g −1 ), in which values are referred to dry weight.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, municipal wastes are converted into quality compost, used in agriculture as a soil amendant (SaidPullicino, Erriquens, and Gigliotti 2007), and are considered a good substrate for potting mixtures ) and teas (Pane et al 2012a) with disease-suppressive properties. The addition of mature compost into fields may replace mineral fertilizers (Zaccardelli et al 2006), improve soil health (Zaccardelli et al 2011), and alleviate fertility decline by inducing specific changes in the microbial communities (Albiach et al 2000). Several Mediterranean horticultural soils are experiencing intensive exploitation and fertility decline because of abandonment of the rotations, high frequency of tillage, and wide use of chemical inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Time Response of Microbial Communities to Waste Compost Amendment of an Intensive Cultivated Soil in Southern Italy

Pane¹,

Villecco²,

Zaccardelli³

2013

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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In an intensely cultivated soil in southern Italy, the effects of municipal waste compost on soil activities (basal respiration, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis), Biolog functional diversity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were estimated in a short period following amendment. Treatment with compost at 30 t ha −1 (dry matter) was compared to mineral fertilization and untreated soil. In these poor soils, organic amendment allowed the rapid recovery of an active and biodiverse soil community. While the addition of compost increased all microbial activities and EC, the pH did not change. Conversely, metabolic activity that was positively correlated to FDA hydrolysis rate initially was enhanced by compost but decreased with time and disappeared at the end of the incubation. Results indicated that waste compost amendments affected microbial activities, both at global and functional levels, favoring a rapid return of biological factors of fertility.

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Validate Compost Use in Vegetable Crop Systems in Campania Region (Italy): Effect of Compost Fertilization on Processing Tomato in Field Cultivation

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The development and suppressive activity of soil microbial communities under compost amendment

The development and suppressive activity of soil microbial communities under compost amendment

Effects of on-farm composted tomato residues on soil biological activity and yields in a tomato cropping system

Short-Time Response of Microbial Communities to Waste Compost Amendment of an Intensive Cultivated Soil in Southern Italy

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