Multidimensional self-concepts: The effect of participation in an Outward Bound Program.

Marsh, Herbert W.; Richards, Garry E.; Barnes, Jennifer

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.195

Cited by 144 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The greater state-and trait-like stability of low-order self components (such as body image) is consistent with Marsh (2007;Marsh, Richards & Barnes, 1986a, 1986b results, but contradicts Shavelson et al (1976) proposition of a greater rigidity at the top of the hierarchy. In summary, the results show that adolescents' levels of body image are elevated (i.e.…”

Section: Autoregressive Latent Trajectory 18 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Longitudinal Interplay of Adolescents' Self-Esteem and Body Image: A Conditional Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis

Morin

Maïano

Marsh

et al. 2011

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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Section: Autoregressive Latent Trajectory 18 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Longitudinal Interplay of Adolescents' Self-Esteem and Body Image: A Conditional Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis

Morin

Maïano

Marsh

et al. 2011

Multivariate Behavioral Research

Self Cite

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“…These findings are consistent with other studies of transference of outcomes over time, including: overall impact (Hattie et al, 1997;Kellert, 1999), improved interpersonal skills and group development (Ewert & McAvoy, 2000;Hattie et al, 1997;Sibthorp, 2003a;Sibthorp et al, 2008), and positive change in self-systems such as self-confidence/esteem/efficacy (Ewert & McAvoy, 2000;Marsh et al, 1986;Paxton & McAvoy, 2000;Propst & Koessler, 1998;Sibthorp et al, 2008). Neill (2007b concluded that transferability, including teaching skills that were directly applicable to everyday life and looking for metaphoric structures that related back to home life, was an important factor that influenced the outcomes that participants received from wilderness adventure education programs.…”

Section: Relation Of the Results To Previous Literaturesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Ten separate Outward Bound courses studied in Australia were found to be effective interventions for enhancing multiple dimensions of self-concept (Marsh et al, 1986). Marsh et al concluded that an internal locus of control for program participants and these changes were maintained eighteen months after the program.…”

Section: Study Of Transferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ewert and McAvoy also concluded after an examination of the variable of self-systems (i.e., self-concept, self-esteem, and self-confidence) that a pattern had developed showing positive and beneficial change for individuals from participation in wilderness adventure programs. In a separate study, Outward Bound programs were found to be an effective intervention for enhancing multiple dimensions of self-concept and an internal locus of control (Marsh, Richards, & Barnes, 1986). Outward Bound programs were also found to have positive effects on participants' interpersonal skills, leadership skills, sense of empowerment, self-control, independence, assertiveness, decision making skills, and self-esteem (Hattie et al, 1997).…”

Section: Factors That Influence the Effects Of Outdoor Education Progmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Longitudinal Study of the Outcomes from Participation in Wilderness Adventure Education Programs

Cummings¹

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The results from this study suggest that participants of wilderness adventure education programs offered by Outward Bound and the National Outdoor Leadership School felt challenged by many of the experiences from their programs. Interactions with their group helped in dealing with the challenges presented by the experience. The development of hard skills gave participants a confidence in their abilities to survive and feel safe in these wilderness environments, which allowed them to relax and enjoy the experience, develop new perspectives, become motivated and inspired, and develop a sense of independence. Participants developed a sense of growth and maturity from their experiences, which upon reflection led to a sense of accomplishment. This sense of accomplishment led to transference of program benefits and values into participants' lives, particularly in greater self-respect/esteem/confidence.The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the outcomes that individuals experienced from wilderness adventure programs and the effects they had on participants' lives. Means-end theory was used to understand the outcomes, more specifically attributes, consequences, and values, and their connections to each other. This study was longitudinal in nature and a comparison between the original data collection and follow-up interviews was done to investigate reported change in values over time. The results from this study show that the outcomes from participation in the Outward Bound and NOLS programs were transferring into participant's lives and leaving a lasting impression.

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“…Two instruments were mainly employed in the past to measure self-concept, namely the Tennessee Self-concept Scale (Hazelworth & Wilson, 1990;Jones, 1978) and the Selfdescription Questionnaire (SDQ) lll (Marsh, 1989;Marsh, Richards & Barnes, 1986). An evaluation of the Outward Bound programme was the aim of many of these studies (Hattie et al, 1997;Jones, 1978;Marsh, 1989;Marsh, et al, 1986;Neill, 1994), all of which reported a positive effect on the total self-concept scores and/or some of the dimensions of the construct.…”

Section: Review Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a ropes course development programme on the self-concept and self-efficacy of young career officers

Stadler

Kotzé

2006

SA j ind psychol

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The aim of this study was to determine whether adventure training could be utilised to enhance the self-concepts and self-efficacy of young career officers in the South African National Defence Force. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and post-post-test was used. Two measuring instruments were administered, namely the Self-description Questionnaire III and the General Self-efficacy Scale. No statistically significant improvement was measured in the various dimensions of the self-concepts and self-efficacy of members of the experimental group, but some encouraging indications of change in the experimental group were observed after the intervention. The implications of the findings are discussed further. OPSOMMINGDie doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of avontuurgerigte opleiding gebruik kan word om die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te bevorder. 'n Kwasieksperimentele ontwerp met 'n voortoets, na-toets en na-na-toets is gebruik. Twee meetinstrumente is aangewend, naamlik die "Self-description Questionnaire III" en die "General Self-efficacy Scale". Hoewel geen statisties beduidende verbetering in die verskillende dimensies van die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van lede van die eksperimentele groep gemeet is nie, is bemoedigende aanduidings van verandering in die eksperimentele groep na die intervensie waargeneem. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word verder bespreek.

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Multidimensional self-concepts: The effect of participation in an Outward Bound Program.

Abstract: The authors would like to acknowledge Samuel Ball, Raymond Debus, and Lee Owens for their helpful suggestions at various stages of this research.

Cited by 144 publications

References 31 publications

The Longitudinal Interplay of Adolescents' Self-Esteem and Body Image: A Conditional Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis

The Longitudinal Interplay of Adolescents' Self-Esteem and Body Image: A Conditional Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis

A Longitudinal Study of the Outcomes from Participation in Wilderness Adventure Education Programs

The influence of a ropes course development programme on the self-concept and self-efficacy of young career officers

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