Multidimensional Population Balance Modeling for Pathological Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals in the Presence of Amino Acids

Abstract

A multidimensional population balance model was applied to elaborate the effects of amino acids on the crystallization mechanisms of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. Breakage and growth terms defined in the model were expressed in two dimensions depending on the sizes. The exponential hyperbolic function based on the particle sizes was selected for expressing the growth. The model was resolved by using the finite differences method. It was detected that in the nonadditive media, the growth along the length-1 is extremely dominant against both the growth along the length-2 and the breakage. However, it was discovered that the amino acids made the crystals more fragile, and the breakage at certain size ranges and certain concentrations of amino acids was the dominant mechanism. In any case, it was proven that both growth and breakage are suppressed considerably in the amino acid-containing media.

Effect of Amino Acid Addition on the Crystallization of Asparagine

“…In either case, the interaction between the amino acid additive and crystal lattice is important in tuning the crystal characteristics, which is a basic concept in the bioinspired crystallization process. Other than the above-mentioned ZnO, the amino acid mediated formation of various materials has been reported, including calcium carbonate, − calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, − calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate, In 2 S 3 , zeolites, , and jarosite …”