Multidimensional perfectionism and counterfactual thinking: Some think upward, others downward

Stoeber, Joachim; Diedenhofen, Birk

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.009

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Independently of insomnia, research has revealed that perfectionism, in particular the two previously mentioned dimensions concern over mistakes and socially prescribed perfectionism, is linked to a tendency to engage in counterfactual thinking and to experience counterfactual emotions ( Tangney, 2002 ; Sirois et al, 2010 ; Flett et al, 2016 ; Stoeber and Diedenhofen, 2017 ). Counterfactual thinking refers to comparisons between the facts of reality (e.g., actual performance) and counterfactual imaginations of what might have been (e.g., ideal performance) ( Epstude and Roese, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Imperfect to Fall Asleep: Perfectionism, Pre-sleep Counterfactual Processing, and Insomnia

et al. 2018

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Previous research suggests that certain dimensions of perfectionism are associated with insomnia. However, the exact processes whereby perfectionism may influence sleep have as yet remained unexplored. The present study tested the hypothesis that perfectionistic individuals are particularly prone to engage in counterfactual thinking and to experience counterfactual emotions (regret, shame, and guilt) at bedtime, which have been shown to impair sleep. One hundred eighty university students completed questionnaires on perfectionism, counterfactual processing, and insomnia severity. Analyses revealed that three dimensions of perfectionism were significantly related to insomnia severity: Concern over mistakes and doubts about action showed positive correlations, whereas organization showed a negative correlation. Moreover, the frequency of counterfactual thoughts and emotions at bedtime largely mediated the effects of these dimensions of perfectionism on insomnia severity. These findings highlight how personality-related patterns of behavior may translate into affective arousal at bedtime, thereby increasing the risk of insomnia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Imperfect to Fall Asleep: Perfectionism, Pre-sleep Counterfactual Processing, and Insomnia

et al. 2018

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“…Stoeber és Diedenhofen (2017) a tényellentétes, avagy kontrafaktuális gondolkodás és a perfekcionizmus összefüggéseit vizsgálták "Mi lenne, ha…" típusú kérdésekkel. A kontrafaktuális gondolkodás egy fontos kognitív tevékenység, mely során különböző körülményeket és viselkedéseket képzelünk el, melyek a valóságtól különböző kimenetelekben végződnek (Byrne, 2016 as cited in Stoeber & Diedenhofen, 2017). Az adaptív perfekcionisták hajlamosak voltak pozitívabb, a maladaptív perfekcionisták pedig negatívabb alternatívákat elképzelni a jövőre nézve.…”

Section: A Perfekcionizmus éRzelmi Kognitív Vonzataiunclassified

“…A másokra irányuló perfekcionisták csoportja nem mutatott a kontrafaktuális gondolkodással se pozitív, se negatív irányú összefüggést, ami azzal magyarázható, hogy a perfekcionizmus ezen formája erősen korrelál a nárcizmus grandiózus típusával, mely csökkenti a negatív stresszorok által kiváltott válaszreakciók erősségét. Akikben nagy hangsúllyal jelen van a másokra irányuló, valamint az azzal összefüggő perfekcionizmus, nem szorulnak olyan kedélyjavító stratégiák használatra, mint a kontrafaktuális gondolkodás (Stoeber & Diedenhofen, 2017).…”

Section: A Perfekcionizmus éRzelmi Kognitív Vonzataiunclassified

A perfekcionizmus értelmezése, mérése és iskolai vetületeinek bemutatása

Nagy¹

2019

Magyar Pedagógia

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“…However, Stoeber and Diedenhofen (2017) found SOP was positively related with upward counterfactuals (e.g., "how much better things could have been") and negatively related with downward counterfactuals (e.g., "how much worse mark I could have got") in relation to hypothetical academic failure, suggesting failure could be a motivator for those high in SOP. In an experimental manipulation of success or failure, Stoeber, Kempe and Keogh (2008) found SOP (using facets "perfectionistic striving" and "important of being perfect"; Campbell & DiPaula, 2002, as cited in Stoeber & Diedenhofen, 2017) to be associated with higher levels of pride after success. However, SPP (using facets "others' high standards" and "conditional acceptance"; Campbell & DiPaula, 2002, as cited in Stoeber & Diedenhofen, 2017 was related to shame and guilt in situations of perceived failure.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 86%

Perfectionism and well-being: associations and developing a dual-Factor intervention for UK undergraduates

Cooper¹

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The aim of this research was to better understand the relationships between multidimensional perfectionism, well-being, and mental health in UK undergraduates, and investigate the effectiveness of a new dual-factor intervention for perfectionist students, incorporating cognitive-behavioural and positive psychology principles. Studies 1 and 2 examined the nomological network of perfectionism amongst UK undergraduates, using data collected from a large-scale survey (N = 1136), including measures of mental health, well-being, and social-media use. Zero-order correlations (Study 1) found Perfectionistic Concerns (PC) was consistently related to poorer mental health and well-being in students, however Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) was considered more “neutral” in its primarily weak relationships with key factors, supporting existing theoretical perspectives (i.e., perfectionism cognition theory, Flett et al., 2016; diathesis-stress model, Hewitt & Flett, 2002; social-disconnection model, Sherry et al., 2016). Multiple regression analyses (Study 2) were used to identify unique relationships of perfectionism dimensions and subscales, finding PS significantly predicted higher well-being and the reverse for PC, providing further evidence of suppression effects. This suggests PS may be adaptive for students, when overlap with PC is statistically controlled for, indicating possible limitations in the application of existing theories for understanding how perfectionism impacts students’ well-being. A pilot dual-factor intervention was developed and delivered in Study 3. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests found a significant decrease in PS and PC in participants (n = 7) post-intervention (compared with no significant change for control group; n = 25), but no significant change in anxiety nor flourishing. Themes of “Usefulness” and “Connectedness” were generated following thematic analysis of participants’ feedback, highlighting the benefit of integrating positive psychology interventions. Implications for extending knowledge of perfectionism and well-being in UK undergraduates are discussed, as well as the application of a promising dual-factor perfectionism intervention, and the limitations of using the Perfectionism Inventory (Hill et al., 2004, 2010)

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Multidimensional perfectionism and counterfactual thinking: Some think upward, others downward

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Too Imperfect to Fall Asleep: Perfectionism, Pre-sleep Counterfactual Processing, and Insomnia

Too Imperfect to Fall Asleep: Perfectionism, Pre-sleep Counterfactual Processing, and Insomnia

A perfekcionizmus értelmezése, mérése és iskolai vetületeinek bemutatása

Perfectionism and well-being: associations and developing a dual-Factor intervention for UK undergraduates

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