Multidimensional nature of apomorphine SL (IxenseTM) therapy

Abstract

The aetiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) is multifactorial consisting of psychogenic and organic factors that must be considered in a multidisciplinary manner in order to treat effectively the disorder. New central initiators of erection such as apomorphine SL (Ixense TM ) provide a pharmacologically multidimensional approach to the treatment of ED. When used in conjunction with a psychosexual counselling strategy designed to move patients at high risk of failure to high responder groups, it can provide an effective and safe pharmacological therapy for ED.

New tricks for an old dog: A repurposing approach of apomorphine

“…Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common sexual complaint in men (Albersen et al, 2010). This complex and multifactorial disorder (Costa, 2003) is defined as a "persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse" (NIH Consensus Conference, 1993). As penile erection is regulated both centrally (dopamine and melanocortin-receptors) and peripherally (nitric oxide -NO-and stimulation of smooth muscle relaxation), numerous factors can contribute to ED: endothelial dysfunction (vascular disorders), systemic, psychological and/or neurological disorders, hormonal factors, advancing age and/or iatrogenic causes (MacLennan et al, 2004;Afif-Abdo et al, 2008;Albersen et al, 2010;Mohee et al, 2012).…”

Challenges in the Assessment of Erectile Dysfunction and Treatment With Oral Therapies: Review With Case Examples

“…Sublingual apomorphine. A centrally acting dopamine D 1 /D 2 receptor agonist, sublingual apomorphine (apo SL; Ixense) is rapidly absorbed, with a time to onset of activity (with sexual stimulation) of about 17 to 20 min (Costa, 2003). Apomorphine has emetic properties.…”