Multidimensional nanomaterials for the control of stem cell fate

Abstract

Current stem cell therapy suffers low efficiency in giving rise to differentiated cell lineages, which can replace the original damaged cells. Nanomaterials, on the other hand, provide unique physical size, surface chemistry, conductivity, and topographical microenvironment to regulate stem cell differentiation through multidimensional approaches to facilitate gene delivery, cell–cell, and cell–ECM interactions. In this review, nanomaterials are demonstrated to work both alone and synergistically to guide selective stem cell differentiation. From three different nanotechnology families, three approaches are shown: (1) soluble microenvironmental factors; (2) insoluble physical microenvironment; and (3) nano-topographical features. As regenerative medicine is heavily invested in effective stem cell therapy, this review is inspired to generate discussions in the potential clinical applications of multi-dimensional nanomaterials.

Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions

“…120 Other studies have shown increased osteogenesis of MSCs on the surface of polycaprolactone nanofibers and increased NSC proliferation on the surface of a graphene oxide-coated polycaprolactone nanofibers in vitro. 119 These results suggest that ECM modification may be capable of promoting stemness. Thus, delivery of these synthetic material in vivo may recapitulate similar effects to promote proper tissue restoration and phenotype recovery.…”

“…118 Other strategies utilized graphene and graphene oxide-based scaffolds to improve osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of MSCs in vitro. 119 Similarly, graphene nanoparticles have been used to increase long-term proliferation of human NSCs in vitro. 120 Other studies have shown increased osteogenesis of MSCs on the surface of polycaprolactone nanofibers and increased NSC proliferation on the surface of a graphene oxide-coated polycaprolactone nanofibers in vitro.…”

“…Thus, delivery of these synthetic material in vivo may recapitulate similar effects to promote proper tissue restoration and phenotype recovery. [119][120][121] ECM modifications can also be performed by directly injecting…”

Nanotechnology-Driven Therapeutic Interventions in Wound Healing: Potential Uses and Applications

“…An interesting strategy for use of MSCs is based on the production of nanoscaffolds that mimic the physical characteristics of human skin. 131,132 The incorporation of SCs into this nanoscaffold resulted in an engineered wound dressing holding a “cocktail” of stem cells, growth factors, and the matrix itself. 129,133 Polymeric nanofibers also had a recent surge in the tissue regeneration field.…”

Engineering molecular imaging strategies for regenerative medicine

“…Radionuclides either can be directly labeled ( 11 C, 18 F, 76 Br and 124 I) or can be chelated ( 64 Cu, 68 Ga, 89 Zr, 90 Y, 99m Tc, and 177 Lu) onto a wide variety of NP. 131 imaged.…”