Multidimensional housing deprivation indices with application to Spain

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to defining a multidimensional housing deprivation index and identifying the main determining characteristics of this phenomenon, using Spain as reference. A latent variable model is used in order to overcome some of the traditional difficulties encountered in multidimensional deprivation studies. The construction of a latent structure model has allowed a set of partial housing deprivation indices to be grouped together under a single index. It has also enabled each individual to be assigned to a different class depending on the level and type of deprivation. Results show that the vector of observed variables (having hot running water, heating, a leaky roof, damp walls or floor, rot in window frames and floors, and overcrowding) and the correlations among such variables can be explained by a single latent variable. There are also specific characteristics that differentiate the population affected by housing deprivation

Poverty, richness, and inequality: Evidence for Portugal using a housing comfort index

“…This is in line with the results for Spain obtained by Navarro and Ayala (2008). At the other extreme, households composed of only one senior adult without children register, on average, the lowest probability of richness (with a decrease of 46.86% vis-à-vis the reference case) and the highest of poverty (with an increase of 111.35%).…”

Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality

“…These papers however tend to use this technique to identify few distinct constituents of well-being: as noted by Schokkaert and Van Ootegem (1990, p. 439-40), their application of factor analysis is "a mere data reduction technique", which does not provide any indication about the relative valuation of each attribute. Several authors apply latent variable models or structural equation modelling to collapse multiple indicators into indices of total or domain-specific deprivation (Kuklys, 2005;Pérez-Mayo, 2005Di Tommaso, 2007;Krishnakumar, 2008;Krishnakumar and Ballon (2008); Krishnakumar and Nagar (2008); Navarro and Ayala, 2008;Wagle, 2005Wagle, , 2008aWagle, , 2008bTomlinson et al, 2008;Ayala et al, 2011). Dewilde (2004) uses a two-step latent class analysis, evaluating deprivation in specific domains in the first step and the latent concept of overall poverty in the second step.…”

Child Welfare Deprivation in Rural Nigeria: A Counting Approach

“…Despite this, however, more than 198 million sub-Saharan African children are said to be living in one or more forms of severe shelter deprivation. Housing is an important component of material wellbeing since the right to decent housing is recognized by most countries and organizations [41]. Children living in bad housing are almost twice as likely to suffer from poor health as other children [42].…”