Multidimensional gas chromatography (MDC) in capillary columns using double oven instruments and a newly designed coupling piece for monitoring detection after pre-separation

Schomburg, G.; Weeke, F.; Müller, F. H.; Oreans, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02258875

Cited by 83 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hardware can become quite complex. Figure 5.a and Figure 5.b show the designs of two systems based on valve [51] and Deans type switches [52]. In both arrangements, effluent from the first column can be vented by either physically blocking the inlet to the second column or by causing a reversal of flow in the interface.…”

Section: Analysis Time Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Bertsch

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

185

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The writer of this review published in 1978 a three‐part article on two‐dimensional gas chromatography in the first three issues of this journal [1]. The review was written at a time when capillary column GC was still in its infancy. Commercial columns were (essentially) unavailable and sample introduction into capillary columns was done exclusively in the split mode. Two‐dimensional separations were explored in only a few laboratories. The limitations of capillary column technology made this exercise rather difficult. The introduction of fused silica capillary columns in the early eighties drastically changed the landscape in which gas chromatography was practiced. It took the chromatographic community just a few years to convert from packed columns to capillary columns. Instrumentation and accessories specifically designed for capillary column use came onto the market. This writer had great hopes that the revolution in capillary column GC would be mirrored in the development of instrumentation for Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. This never materialized. On the contrary, tentative steps taken by a few manufacturers and suppliers of chromatographic equipment fizzled out. It was perhaps the introduction of relatively inexpensive and user friendly GC/MS instrumentation, in combination with nearly indestructible fused silica capillary columns that took away the incentive to develop commercially viable Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Much of the thinking went like this: why insist on good chromatography if mass spectrometry can do the job without the need for complete separation. Some progress in the further development of conventional Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography has certainly been made over the last 20 years but there has not been a great deal of excitement. Applications have also been relatively sparse and they are limited to just a few areas. Science does not remain static and chromatography is no exception. Progress in gas chromatography is driven by new technology and ideas. Substantial improvements in two‐dimensional GC were not forthcoming until Phillips and his research group introduced and implemented an entirely new form of Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography, called comprehensive two‐dimensional GC, or GC×GC. This breakthrough occurred only in 1991 [2]. It does take some time before scientists change attitudes and habits. There is always a time lag between the introduction of new technology and its general acceptance. The public's attitude toward comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography is probably no exception. The number of scientists who are actively pursuing this new branch of gas chromatography is still very small. It is often a single individual who carries the torch. J.B. Phillips' name is synonymous with comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. He is not only its inventor and proponent but his fertile mind has initiated research in other related areas. Sadly, he passed away shortly before this review was written. This contribution is dedicated to his memory.

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Section: Analysis Time Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Bertsch

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

185

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“…The transfer is obtained by dedicated time-programmable inter-faces. [69,70] This technique therefore allows us to analyse only critical pairs or selected groups of compounds or markers on the second dimension, and it is widely used in particular for ES-GC. Figure 4 shows the heart-cut MDGC pattern of Lavandula angustifolia P. Mill EO (for experimental conditions, see caption to the figure).…”

Section: Multidimensional Gc Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils and volatiles: sample preparation and analysis. A review.

Rubiolo¹,

Sgorbini²,

Liberto³

et al. 2010

Flavour & Fragrance J

148

100

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This article is a short overview of the state of the art in essential oil analysis. Several aspects of the analysis of essential oils and volatile fraction of vegetable matrices are here critically discussed. The following topics are dealt with: steam distillation, hydrodistillation and headspace sampling for sample preparation, and fast-GC, fast-GC-qMS analysis, enantioselective GC, multidimensional GC techniques and GC-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) for analysis and quantitation.

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“…In 1968, Deans 34 proposed a new interface, which was based on a pressure balance between the two columns. This system was later improved by Schomburg et al, 35 was named 'live switching' and was largely applied to the study of enantiomeric ratios of volatile components in citrus oils by Mosandl and co-workers [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and by König and co-workers. [44][45][46] This type of approach requires great attention when multiple transfers are performed during the same analysis.…”

Section: Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (Gc-gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single column chromatographic result is characterized by a series of unresolved components: 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and myrcene (peaks 7, 8), limonene and 1,8-cineole (peaks 13,14), terpinolene and trans-linalool oxide (peaks 19,20), α-cubebene and α-terpinyl acetate (peaks 30, 31), geranyl acetate and β-elemene (peaks 35,36). The LC pre-separation enabled the complete separation of these critical pairs.…”

Section: Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (Gc-gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced and innovative chromatographic techniques for the study of citrus essential oils

Dugo

Tranchida

Cotroneo

et al. 2005

Flavour & Fragrance J

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A brief description is given of advanced chromatographic techniques currently employed in citrus essential oil analysis (the interactive use of linear retention indices and MS spectra probability matching in GC-MS; on-line 'heart cutting' multidimensional chromatographic techniques, comprehensive GC and LC; fast GC and GC-MS; fast HPLC; HPLC-MS). A series of applications are reported, demonstrating both the valid and the potential of these methods.

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Multidimensional gas chromatography (MDC) in capillary columns using double oven instruments and a newly designed coupling piece for monitoring detection after pre-separation

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Essential oils and volatiles: sample preparation and analysis. A review.

Advanced and innovative chromatographic techniques for the study of citrus essential oils

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