Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Fundamental Advances and New Applications

Review of the role and methodology of high resolution approaches in aroma analysis

“…Conventional heart-cut MDGC has been advanced with improved contemporary devices using microfluidic technology, whilst further novel MDGC processes were introduced, and these are the subject of recent reviews [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Integrated MDGC with simultaneous MS and olfactometry detection (MDGC-O/MS) has been introduced and widely used since the last decade for the investigation of aroma and flavour quality problems related to perfumery, food and beverage products as well as air quality of livestock environments [27,[55][56][57].…”

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

“…In this case, the external calibration method is used, based on a comparison of the analyte peak area with the peak area of some external standards, analyzed at different concentrations. 17 In the literature, many studies have demonstrated that the GC technique can be applied to determine the content of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides. 1,2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, due to the variety of raw materials 28,29 that can be employed for biodiesel production and the importance of its production in several countries, it is strategic to develop fast 30 and economically attractive methods, through modifications such as applying different column temperatures and lengths and the use of a different internal standard 23 exhibiting similar characteristics, but not present in biodiesel composition.…”

“…29, No. 6, 2018 of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides.1,2,20-27 However, due to the variety of raw materials 28,29 that can be employed for biodiesel production and the importance of its production in several countries, it is strategic to develop fast 30 The validation process is carried out by the evaluation of several analytical performance parameters and, for the validation of methodologies based on the separation of compounds, such as GC and HPLC, the main parameters that must be considered are linearity and range of application, selectivity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), robustness and sensitivity. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] In this study, the validation of an analytical method based on GC, using a short column and response factor (GCSCRF), for the determination of the methyl or ethyl esters content of biodiesel derived from soybean oil is described.…”

“…29, No. 6, 2018 of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides.…”

Potential of the reversed-inject differential flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the quantitative profiling and fingerprinting of essential oils of different complexity

“…Loading capacity, modulation period (P M ), cryo-focusing temperature (obtained by varying the coldjet volumetric flow per unit time), hot-jet pulse temperature and duration, above all, can be optimized to match for sample components relative abundance and differential selectivity between the two chromatographic dimensions. However, thermal modulation has also some drawbacks mainly related to the high costs in term of hardware and operations and seemingly complex optimization [8,11,12] that address its application mainly to research and development studies and limits its adoption for routine quality controls and high-informative throughput screenings [13].…”