Multidimensional characterization of global food supply from 1961 to 2013

Bentham, James; Singh, Gitanjali; Danaei, Goodarz; Green, Rosemary; Lin, John K.; Stevens, Gretchen A; Farzadfar, Farshad; Bennett, James E.; Cesare, Mariachiara Di; Dangour, Alan D.; Ezzati, Majid

doi:10.1038/s43016-019-0012-2

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The decrease in non-HDL cholesterol in western countries started in the 1980s, before statins were widely used 15,16 . This indicates that changes in diet, especially the replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats 3,[17][18][19][20][21] and reduction in trans fats 12,17,22 , are major contributors to this decline. Nonetheless, the increased use of statins from the late 1990s onwards 15,16 , may explain up to one half of the decrease in those countries in which statins are widely used 19,23,24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the increased use of statins from the late 1990s onwards 15,16 , may explain up to one half of the decrease in those countries in which statins are widely used 19,23,24 . In contrast to high-income western countries, the consumption of animal-source foods, refined carbohydrates and palm oil has increased substantially in east and southeast Asia 3,25,26 , where statin use remains low 13,27 . For example, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the change in non-HDL cholesterol and the change in a multi-dimensional score of animal-source foods and sugar 3 was 0.69 for women and 0.67 for men using data from high-income western countries and countries in east and southeast Asia, the two regions that experienced the largest decrease and increase, respectively, in non-HDL cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Taddei¹,

Zeng²,

Bixby³

et al. 2020

Nature

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147

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Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)* High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries 1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world 3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health 4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low-and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Taddei¹,

Zeng²,

Bixby³

et al. 2020

Nature

Self Cite

147

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“…And while there are fascinating books that tell the history of individual food items, it has been difficult to grasp to what extent food supply, as a whole, changes when societies and ecosystems go through major transitions. Using an innovative data-driven approach, Bentham et al 1 in this issue of Nature Food constructed an index that captures exactly that -the extent of changes in global food supply over time. Using data from 171 countries over a period of 50 years, the researchers provide captivating insights on the dynamics of our food systems, and trigger new questions on how changes in food supply relate to other changes in our societies and environment.…”

Section: Roseline Remansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing nature of our food systems

Remans

2020

Nat Food

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“…In Africa where there is active rise in NCD-related mortality, limited information is available whether the existing food supply is in conformity with these goals or not. A recent study that described the global food supply over the period of 1961 and 2013 reported that high income countries are moving towards more dietary diversification and reduced supply of sugars while low-income countries remain relatively unchanged or had moved towards poor diet combinations [ 13 ]. Furthermore, the ongoing rapid nutrition transition in LMIC has increased the double burden of malnutrition [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the African food supply against the nutrient intake goals set for preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases: 1990 to 2017 trend analysis

Gebremedhin

Bekele

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Population intake goals intended to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been defined for multiple nutrients. Yet, little is known whether the existing food supply in Africa is in conformity with these goals or not. We evaluated the African food balances against the recommendations for macronutrients, free sugars, types of fatty acids, cholesterol and fruits and vegetables over 1990 to 2017, and provided regional, sub-regional and country-level estimates. Methods The per capita supply of 95 food commodities for 45 African countries (1990–2017) was accessed from the FAOSTAT database and converted into calories, carbohydrate, fat, protein, free sugars, cholesterol, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids contents using the Food Data Central database. The supply of fruits and vegetables was also computed. Results In Africa the energy supply increased by 16.6% from 2,685 in 1990 to 3,132 kcal/person/day in 2017. However, the energy contribution of carbohydrate, fat and protein remained constant and almost within acceptable range around 73, 10 and 9%, respectively. In 2017, calories from fats surpassed the 20% limit in upper-middle- or high-income and Southern Africa countries. Energy from SFA remained within range (<10%) but that of PUFA was below the minimum desirable level of 6% in 28 countries. Over the period, energy from free sugars remained constant around 7% but the figure exceeded the limit of 10% in upper-middle- or high-income countries (14.7%) and in Southern (14.8%) and Northern (10.5%) sub-regions. Between 1990 and 2017 the availability of dietary cholesterol per person surged by 14% but was below the upper limit of 300 mg/day. The supply of fruits and vegetables increased by 27.5% from 279 to 356 g/capita/day; yet, with the exception of Northern Africa, the figure remained below the target of 400 g/capita/day in all sub-regions. Conclusion According to this population level data, in Africa most population intake goals are within acceptable range. Yet, the supply of fruits and vegetables and PUFAs are suboptimal and the increasing energy contributions of free sugars and fats are emerging concerns in specific sub-regions.

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Multidimensional characterization of global food supply from 1961 to 2013

Cited by 59 publications

References 42 publications

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

The changing nature of our food systems

Evaluating the African food supply against the nutrient intake goals set for preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases: 1990 to 2017 trend analysis

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