Multidetector CT Study of Gallbladder Stones in a Wrapped Egyptian Mummy

Cesarani, Federico; Martina, Maria Cristina; Boano, Rosa; Grilletto, Renato; D’Amicone, Elvira; Venturi, Consuelo; Gandini, Giovanni

doi:10.1148/rg.294085246

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This approached aimed to maximise information gained while minimising the impact on the invaluable mummies of Kha and Merit. Both mummies had been previously subjected to conventional X-rays in 1966 [ 34 , 35 ] and Multidectector Computed Tomography (MDTC) in 2001 [ 29 , 36 ]. The integral 2001 CT scan dataset of images is not publicly accessible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding New Light on the 18th Dynasty Mummies of the Royal Architect Kha and His Spouse Merit

et al. 2015

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The mummies of Kha and his wife Merit were found intact in an undisturbed tomb in western Thebes near the ancient workers’ village of Deir el-Medina. Previous MDCT (this abbreviation needs spelling out) investigations showed that the bodies of Kha and Merit did not undergo classical royal 18th Dynasty artificial mummification, which included removal of the internal organs. It was, therefore, concluded that the retention of the viscera in the body, combined with an absence of canopic jars in the burial chamber, meant the couple underwent a short and shoddy funerary procedure, despite their relative wealth at death. Nevertheless, all internal organs - brain, ocular bulbs/ocular nerves, thoracic and abdominal organs - showed a very good state of preservation, which contradicts the previous interpretation above. In order to better understand the type of mummification used to embalm these bodies, both wrapped mummies were reinvestigated using new generation X-ray imaging and chemical microanalyses Here we provide evidence that both individuals underwent a relatively high quality of mummification, fundamentally contradicting previous understanding. Elucidated “recipes”, whose components had anti-bacterial and anti-insecticidal properties, were used to treat their bodies. The time and effort undoubtedly employed to embalm both Kha and Merit and the use of imported costly resins, notably Pistacia, do not support the previously held view that the two individuals were poorly mummified. Despite a lack of evisceration, the approach clearly allowed their in situ preservation as well as affording a fairly successful mummification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding New Light on the 18th Dynasty Mummies of the Royal Architect Kha and His Spouse Merit

et al. 2015

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“…Paleoradiology has been used as a nondestructive method of examining mummies since soon after the discovery of x-rays in 1895 (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Radiography has the advantage of being affordable, accessible, and portable.…”

Section: Using Medical Imaging To Examine Catacomb Mummiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the "SicMum" project, 10 mummies were examined inside the Capuchin Catacombs by using a portable direct radiography unit. The primary goal of the paleoradiologic analyses was to assess skeletal abnormalities (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The radiographic studies also enabled (a) assessment of the state of preservation of the catacomb mummies, especially the condition of the internal organs, and (b) determination of anthropogenic mummification methods in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Sicily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenes from the Past

Panzer

Zink²,

Piombino‐Mascali³

2010

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The purpose of this study was to use paleoradiologic analyses to investigate a sample of the mummies in the Capuchin Catacombs in Palermo, Sicily, in order to assess skeletal abnormalities and the state of preservation, especially the condition of the internal organs, and to determine radiologic evidence of anthropogenic mummification. Ten 19th and early 20th century mummies with good external preservation were investigated by using a portable direct radiography unit inside the Capuchin Catacombs. The radiographs clearly demonstrated signs of anthropogenic mummification in nine of the 10 mummies investigated. The embalming methods that had been used included (a) evisceration and arterial injection; (b) the placement of foreign materials into the orbits and the nasal and oral cavities; and (c) filling of the thoracic, abdominal, and rectal cavities with foreign materials. Organ preservation varied greatly among the mummies, although brain tissue was found in all of the mummies. Analyses of the skeletal material of the mummies showed evidence of healed vertebral fractures, age-related degenerative changes, and, in one of the child mummies, a remarkable skeletal pathologic condition. The radiographs clearly illustrated different methods of anthropogenic mummification in the catacomb mummies of Palermo, allowed assessment of the preservation of the mummies, and demonstrated skeletal abnormalities.

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“…holelithiasis is a common gastrointestinal disease that might have existed throughout the human history and it was discovered in Egyptian mummies 1 . In developed countries, gall stones affect 10-15% of the adult population 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Early and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Experience From Two Centers in Basrah

Hussein¹,

Mohammed²,

AbuAl-Hail³

et al. 2018

Basrah Journal of Surgery

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Calculous cholecystitis is a major and common health problem, and nowadays laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred approach for its surgical management but timing of surgery is a matter of debate especially in presence of acute inflammation of the gall bladder. The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. This retrospective comparative study was done in two tertiary hospitals in Basrah from July 2010 to July 2017. It involved 122 cases (98 females 80.3% and 24 males 19.7 %). Forty two (34.5%) underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 4 days of symptoms and 80 patients (65.5%) underwent delayed operation within 6-12 weeks of first presentation. The two groups were comparable in regard to demographic and clinical points of view. The age of studied patients lies between 20-65 years. The operative time was not identical for the two groups (P=0.004), early treated cases tended to take longer operative time. Hospital stay was significantly longer in early cases as compared to delayed cases (p=0.000). Bile leak happened in only one case (2.4%) of the early group and was managed successfully and discharged well. Bleeding and respiratory infection were extremely rare in both groups. Conversion rate was 4.8% and 5% for the early and delayed group respectively and the difference was statistically not significant (p value 0.661). In conclusion, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis is safe and feasible in selected patients with no difference in morbidity and mortality if it done during the 1 st four days of beginning of symptoms, but the operative time is longer than delayed operation.

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Multidetector CT Study of Gallbladder Stones in a Wrapped Egyptian Mummy

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Shedding New Light on the 18th Dynasty Mummies of the Royal Architect Kha and His Spouse Merit

Shedding New Light on the 18th Dynasty Mummies of the Royal Architect Kha and His Spouse Merit

Scenes from the Past

Comparison of Early and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Experience From Two Centers in Basrah

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