Multicultural experience: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale

Aytug, Zeynep G.; Kern, Mary C.; Dilchert, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.04.004

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In addition to these two terms, however, a wide variety of other terms have also been used. These include multicultural experience (Aytug et al , 2018), experiential multicultural exposure (Eisenberg et al , 2013), prior intercultural contact (Kim and Van Dyne, 2012), cross-cultural contact (Rosenblatt et al , 2013), cross-cultural experience (Ng et al , 2009; Wood and St. Peters (2014), international travel experience (MacNab and Worthley, 2012), and overseas work experience (Li et al , 2013). Furthermore, some scholars have also used varying terminology to refer to an IE within the same article.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Eisenberg et al (2013) used IE, experiential multicultural exposure, and international exposure, and Reichard et al (2015) referred to IE, cultural experiences, cross-cultural exposure experiences, and prior IE, interchangeably. Aytug et al (2018) also used the terms multicultural exposure, multicultural experience and multicultural interactions within the same study.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Cultural exposure” was the second most popular term after “international experience”, and was used in four studies (Crowne, 2008; Crowne, 2013; Dias et al , 2017; Iskhakova, 2018). Incorporating the word “ exposure ” in the terminology, three additional terms were used within four studies, namely multicultural exposure (Aytug et al , 2018; Chao et al , 2015), international exposure (Eisenberg et al , 2013) and experiential multicultural exposure (Eisenberg et al , 2013). The six remaining terms, multicultural interaction (Aytug et al , 2018), cross-cultural contact (Rosenblatt et al , 2013), prior intercultural contact (Kim and Van Dyne, 2012), international study trip (Rustambekov and Mohan, 2017), international assignment (șahin et al , 2013) and international sojourn (Varela and Gatlin-Watts, 2014), were used in just one article each, which further demonstrates the lack of agreement on the relevant term to use for the phenomenon.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the construct “cultural exposure”, Crowne (2008, 2013) define it as experiences in a region that assist in the development of familiarity or understanding of that region’s norms, values, and beliefs. In what we identified as the most detailed and explanatory definition, Aytug et al (2018) define the term multicultural experience, and include reference to past and current exposure and interaction with foreign cultures and people. In particular, they explain that “[I]ndividuals are exposed to different cultures in a variety of ways, such as observing people from different cultures, trying different cuisines, watching foreign movies or videos, hearing people speak a different language, or looking at foreign architecture” and that “[S]uch exposure does not involve any communication or interaction with people from different cultures” (Aytug et al , 2018, p. 2).…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In what we identified as the most detailed and explanatory definition, Aytug et al (2018) define the term multicultural experience, and include reference to past and current exposure and interaction with foreign cultures and people. In particular, they explain that “[I]ndividuals are exposed to different cultures in a variety of ways, such as observing people from different cultures, trying different cuisines, watching foreign movies or videos, hearing people speak a different language, or looking at foreign architecture” and that “[S]uch exposure does not involve any communication or interaction with people from different cultures” (Aytug et al , 2018, p. 2). This definition provides a much more detailed understanding of what it means to experience or be exposed to other cultures.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The meaning of international experience for the development of cultural intelligence

Ott

Iskhakova

2019

cpoib

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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to international business research by critically analyzing and evaluating the use of the “international experience” (IE) construct within the specific context of developing cultural intelligence (CQ). Design/methodology/approach Based on 30 studies selected through a systematic literature review, the IE construct is critically analyzed and evaluated with respect to the terminology, definitions, conceptualizations and measurements used. Findings Findings indicate that the existing body of knowledge on the construct of IE is fragmented, uses inconsistent terminology, does not uniformly rely on any underlying conceptual frameworks and uses a variety of measures for investigating IE. Additionally, scholars have largely relied on quantitative measures of IE to explain the development of CQ, despite theoretical arguments specifying conditions and circumstances that must occur for learning and development to take place. Research limitations/implications To move forward with using the IE construct, the authors emphasize the critical need for scholars to pay greater attention to and explicate how they define, conceptualize and measure it. Based on the identified issues, recommendations to improve future research are provided. Originality/value Although IE is frequently assumed to influence the development of CQ, contrary to conventional wisdom and some theoretical arguments, research evidence has demonstrated that the impact of IE on CQ is suggestive rather than conclusive. To understand why this may be the case, the use of the IE construct within previous research is critically analyzed and evaluated.

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Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The meaning of international experience for the development of cultural intelligence

Ott

Iskhakova

2019

cpoib

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“Should I stay or should I go?”—Why the future of global work may be less binary: Lessons on approaches to global crises from the experiences of expatriates during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Vegh

Jenkins²,

Claes

2022

Thunderbird Intl Bus Rev

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COVID‐19 has significantly impacted expatriates, affecting their ability to work effectively and their personal and family lives. This study explores their experiences in different phases of the pandemic, and their perspectives on the future of international living in light of such global disruption. Involving over 600 expatriates in 48 countries, the research shows shifts in motivation and priorities as a result of the crisis and reveals how family (extended and immediate) topped expatriates' concerns. The study examines if and how support systems worked and looks at coping mechanisms, skills, traits, previous experience, and attitudes which participants found useful. A common theme was “falling between two stools”—where expatriates were ineligible for support in either their home country or in their host country. Others described being “pulled in different directions” or “torn by a dilemma” with pros and cons in either choice. The study contributes to the questions about the future of global work with results of the survey revealing changing norms for expatriation and global mobility raising the possibility of more nuanced approaches to global projects and less binary options for global professionals and their families.

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How culture influences consumer creativity: A dual perspective of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture

2022

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In the context of globalization, consumers with multicultural experiences are increasingly involved in the process of value creation, yet there is a lack of understanding of how multiculturalism affects consumer creativity. Based on the dual perspectives of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture, this paper illustrates the mechanism of multicultural experience on consumer creativity and the moderating effect of loose-tight culture on this relationship. Two studies (a questionnaire study and an experimental study) were conducted to validate the theoretical model. The results revealed that multicultural experiences enhance consumer creativity, cognitive complexity mediates the relationship between the two, and loose-tight culture moderates the relationship between multicultural experiences and consumer creativity. The loose culture scenario has a positive enhancement effect, the tight culture scenario has a negative weakening effect, and the interaction between multicultural experiences and loose-tight culture affects consumer creativity through cognitive complexity. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the relationship between culture and consumer creativity, expanding the study of culture and consumer creativity from the cultural value dimension to the social norm dimension, enriching the research on creativity as a cognitive process at the consumer level, and providing guidance and reference for companies to better stimulate and utilize consumer creativity.

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Multicultural experience: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale

Cited by 17 publications

References 80 publications

The meaning of international experience for the development of cultural intelligence

The meaning of international experience for the development of cultural intelligence

“Should I stay or should I go?”—Why the future of global work may be less binary: Lessons on approaches to global crises from the experiences of expatriates during the COVID‐19 pandemic

How culture influences consumer creativity: A dual perspective of multiculturalism and loose-tight culture

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