Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress.

Abstract

One hundred seventy-nine Chinese Canadian adolescents completed measures of male gender role conflict, culturally specific coping strategies, and psychological distress. Structural equation results demonstrate that Avoidance Coping and Engagement Coping mediated the relationship between all aspects of male gender role conflict, with the exception of Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Implications for counseling practice, further research, and the psychology of men are discussed.

Mediating effects of coping in the link between spirituality and psychological distress in a culturally diverse undergraduate sample

“…Despite this failed prediction, this result is consistent with a previous coping study of Chinese Canadian adolescents using the same coping measure, the CCCS (Wester et al, 2006). Conceptually, it can be surmised that narrowly construed psychological distress symptoms might not have been the most ideal health indicator to test the predictability of Collective Coping.…”

“…In turn, a positive path linking Avoidance Coping to Psychological Distress was also found, implicating that the use of avoidant coping by the undergraduate students led to increased psychological symptoms in the present sample. This latter relationship points to the maladaptive nature of avoidance coping as cited in previous cross-cultural coping research with racial and ethnic minority populations across multiple stress situations, including racial discrimination (Noh & Kasper, 2003) and gender role conflicts (Wester et al, 2006). In short, the evidence here denotes that Intrinsic Spirituality benefits undergraduate participants psychologically by limiting their tendency to engage in unhelpful and/or counterproductive avoidance behaviours in dealing with academic difficulties.…”

“…These studies contended and empirically demonstrated that the etic (culture-universal) versus the emic (culturespecific) aspects of behaviours and the individualistic versus the collectivistic cultural values undergird coping processes for individuals across cultures (Kuo, 2012;. The coping model based on the CCCS has been further tested and reported in a number of published studies with developmentally and ethnically diverse samples coping with a wide variety of stressors (e.g., Kuo & Gingrich, 2004;Kuo & Guan, 2006;Wester, Kuo, & Vogel, 2006). The psychometrics of the CCCS have been shown to be relatively stable across these studies, suggesting the validity and the usefulness of adopting this cultural model of coping in investigating stress responses among culturally diverse populations.…”

“…It was also predicted that spirituality would form a positive relationship with Engagement Coping, but a negative relationship with Avoidance Coping. Finally, Engagement Coping and Collective Coping were hypothesised to form a negative relationship while Avoidance Coping was hypothesised to form a positive relationship with Psychological Distress (Wester et al, 2006).…”

Cultural variations in work stress and coping in an era of globalization

“…value orientation in the extant literature. Despite the fact that culture is implicated as a pivotal factor in the stress-coping process based on Lazarus and Folkman's ( 1984 ) original person-environment fi t paradigm, subsequent empirical works established in this tradition have not investigated cultural factors adequately (Aldwin, 1994 ;Wester, Kuo, and Vogel, 2006 ). Hence, the extant stress-coping research and theories have been criticized for being overly western, European American in perspective (Utsey, Adams, and Borden, 2000 ;Wong, Wong, and Scott, 2006 ), with a partisan view toward "rugged individualism" (Hobfoll, 1998 ;Dunahoo et al , 1998 ), and action-oriented coping (Phillips and Pearson, 1996 ).…”