Multicritical phase diagrams of the ferromagnetic spin- Blume–Emery–Griffiths model with repulsive biquadratic coupling including metastable phases: The cluster variation method and the path probability method with the point distribution

The Study of the Three-dimensional Spin-3/2 Ising Model on a Cellular Automaton

“…However, the phase diagram exhibits one multicritical point (A). Similar phase diagram was also obtained by the CVM [12] for K/J = −1 but differs from in that the reentrant behavior was found in this work.…”

“…At low temperature, f → f r and f → f r → f transitions occur at the f -f r phase boundary. This line also exhibits re-entrant behavior as the MFA [3], CVM [10,12] predictions, but differs from the MC [3] and EFT [8] results which predicted no re-entrant behavior.…”

“…The phase diagrams of the model are constructed in the (K/ [3] and CVM [10] at the d-f and f -f r phase boundaries, but differs from MC and EFT [8] works in that the reentrant behavior does not occur at the f -f r phase boundary. The re-entrant behavior was also obtained within the MFA [3], CVM [12] predictions for D/J =0. The phase diagrams are also constructed in the (D/J, kT/J) plane for K/J = −0.5 and K/J = −1.…”

“…All these studies were done by different methods, such as mean field approximation (MFA) [1][2][3][4], renormalization group (RG) methods [5,6], the effective-field theory (EFT) [7][8][9], cluster variation method (CVM) [10][11][12] and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation [3,13]. Most of these studies have considered some portion of the phase diagram of the model.…”

“…These models were also studied by using the EFT [8] and CVM [10]. Recently, the phase diagrams of the spin-3/2 BEG model in the (D/J, kT/J) plane for several values of K/J and in the (K/J, kT/J) plane for several values of D/J have been presented [6,11,12]. In spite of these studies, further studies using alternative methods are desirable to obtain the new phase diagrams and the critical behavior of the model.…”