Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency

Abstract

This review offers an overview of recent synthetic strategies employing photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry in the framework of multicomponent reactions.

Six‐Component Reactions and Beyond: The Nuts and Bolts

“…As such, these reactions approach the ultimate goal or holy grail of organic methodology as defined by Trost [3] . This success is reflected by the number of published review articles devoted to developing various strategies for MCR development in the past two decades [4–7] …”

“…[3] This success is reflected by the number of published review articles devoted to developing various strategies for MCR development in the past two decades. [4][5][6][7] MCRs have helped pave the way for the evolution of green chemistry. [8] For instance, it is of paramount importance that products as well as processes are designed to avoid waste which means that chemists need to target to cut down the concept of waste by designing the outputs to be more ecofriendly.…”

tert-Butyl nitrite triggered radical cascade reaction for synthesizing isoxazoles by a one-pot multicomponent strategy

“…Creating one-pot, metal-free multistep synthetic routes is an intensive, challenging topic in green chemistry. 1 Cascade reactions, 2 i.e. the combination of multiple successive steps in one-pot, have been described as an efficient approach for the synthesis of complex molecules; advantages such as avoiding tedious and time-consuming preparation of intermediate substrates and high step and/or atom economy meet exactly the green chemistry principles for chemical synthesis.…”

“…With the optimized experimental conditions in hand, we examined the compatibility of this methodology by employing electronically differentiated aldehydes. As shown in Table 1, the aldehydes bearing electron-withdrawing groups (R = CF 3 , CN, F, Br, Cl, and NO 2 ) on the phenyl ring favored the reaction more than those bearing electron-donating groups (R = CH 3 , Et, C(CH 3 ) 3 , OH, and OCH 3 ), generating the corresponding products in moderate to good yields (Table 1, entries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Concave octopus-like PtCu nanoframe mediated photo-electro Fenton catalysis for fast organic dyestuff elimination

“…[16][17][18] Especially, the photo-electro Fenton maneuver presents splendid degradation efficiency in terms of the emergence of the hydroxyl radical (cOH) and thus oxidizes organic contaminants in wastewater. 19 Compared to conventional Fenton treatments, photo-electro Fenton processes exhibit better reactive environmental adaptability due to the self H 2 O 2 -production prole. 20 With the treatment of direct current (DC), gaseous oxygen (O 2 ) is transferred into the solution in the cathode region and continuously decomposes into two oxygen atoms for the electrochemical oxidation of H 2 O 2 .…”