Multicomponent polyurethane–carbon black composite as piezoresistive sensor

Sousa, Eliraldrin Amorin; Lima, Thalita Hellen Castro; Arlindo, Elen Poliani S.; Sanches, Adhemar; Sakamoto, Walter Katsumi; Fuzari-Junior, Gilberto de Campos

doi:10.1007/s00289-019-02888-8

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Carbon black as a filler with light weight (density of 1.7-1.9 g/cm 3 ), high specific surface area (7-560 m 2 /g), 53 and high electrical conductivity (0.1-100 S/cm) 54 as well as low price and high mass production has been extensively compounded with PU matrixes to impart conductivity. [55][56][57] However, a relatively high content of CB should be loaded into the polymers to make them electrically conductive. Indeed, the percolation threshold of CB is usually more than 10 wt%.…”

Section: Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Jafarzadeh,

Farzaneh,

Haddadi‐Asl

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Polyurethanes (PUs) thanks to the occurrence of phase separation and biphasic structure prevail over other polymer matrixes for impregnation of conductive fillers and production of conductive composites. A number of carbonous fillers including carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphite and its derivatives, and fullerene can be loaded into the PU matrixes to impart electrical conductivity. The properties of the carbonous fillers, the filler/PU interactions, and the method of compositing determine the conductive performance of the composite. It is possible to modulate the properties of the conductive PU composites and employ them for a number of electronic applications including but not limited to the strain sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, supercapacitors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In the present review, first, the distinctive properties of PU as a matrix of conductive composites have been discussed. Then, various carbon fillers loaded into the PU matrixes and their structural and conductive properties have been debated. Thereafter, the fabrication methods of the conductive composites as well as the influential parameters on the electrical properties of the composites have been reviewed to provide an insight into how fulfill a PU composite with the desired electrical performance. And finally, a number of applications of conductive PU composites have been put forward.Highlights Polyurethanes are very capable matrixes for conductive composites. Carbonous fillers can be loaded into the PU matrixes to impart conductivity. Conductive PU composites are employed for a number of electronic applications. Herein, properties, fillers, and applications of PU composites are reviewed.

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Section: Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Jafarzadeh,

Farzaneh,

Haddadi‐Asl

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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“…It was observed that the slope was similar during unloading, as well, until it reached zero strain. The electrical resistance also exhibited a delayed response to deformation, which may be attributed to the viscoelasticity of the PUR matrix, which is related to the duration of the time needed for the polymer chains to organize as opposed to the strain applied [66].…”

Section: Piezoresistivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

et al. 2023

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Flexible films of a conductive polymer nanocomposite-based castor oil polyurethane (PUR), filled with different concentrations of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles or multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), were obtained by a casting method. The piezoresistive, electrical, and dielectric properties of the PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB composites were compared. The dc electrical conductivity of both PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB nanocomposites exhibited strong dependences on the concentration of conducting nanofillers. Their percolation thresholds were 1.56 and 1.5 mass%, respectively. Above the threshold percolation level, the electrical conductivity value increased from 1.65 × 10−12 for the matrix PUR to 2.3 × 10−3 and 1.24 × 10−5 S/m for PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB samples, respectively. Due to the better CB dispersion in the PUR matrix, the PUR/CB nanocomposite exhibited a lower percolation threshold value, corroborated by scanning electron microscopy images. The real part of the alternating conductivity of the nanocomposites was in accordance with Jonscher’s law, indicating that conduction occurred by hopping between states in the conducting nanofillers. The piezoresistive properties were investigated under tensile cycles. The nanocomposites exhibited piezoresistive responses and, thus, could be used as piezoresistive sensors.

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“…Flexible strain sensors can be used in a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, medical devices, health monitoring and VR-equipment [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The electrical resistance of most flexible strain sensor materials increases with increasing strain ( ε ), and this change in resistivity can be converted to electrical signals that are monitored and analyzed in motion analysis software programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two dominating mechanisms are: (1) the resistivity of the material itself changes due to the strain; (2) the resistance increases when the sample becomes longer and thinner, i.e., geometrical effects. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous research papers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Resistance of Elastic Strain Sensors—Fundamental Mechanisms and Experimental Validation

Xie

Liu³

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Elastic strain sensor nanocomposites are emerging materials of high scientific and commercial interest. This study analyzes the major factors influencing the electrical behavior of elastic strain sensor nanocomposites. The sensor mechanisms were described for nanocomposites with conductive nanofillers, either dispersed inside the polymer matrix or coated onto the polymer surface. The purely geometrical contributions to the change in resistance were also assessed. The theoretical predictions indicated that maximum Gauge values are achieved for mixture composites with filler fractions slightly above the electrical percolation threshold, especially for nanocomposites with a very rapid conductivity increase around the threshold. PDMS/CB and PDMS/CNT mixture nanocomposites with 0–5.5 vol.% fillers were therefore manufactured and analyzed with resistivity measurements. In agreement with the predictions, the PDMS/CB with 2.0 vol.% CB gave very high Gauge values of around 20,000. The findings in this study will thus facilitate the development of highly optimized conductive polymer composites for strain sensor applications.

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Multicomponent polyurethane–carbon black composite as piezoresistive sensor

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

A review on electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites: From principle to application

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

Electric Resistance of Elastic Strain Sensors—Fundamental Mechanisms and Experimental Validation

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