The crystal structure of NasHMosP2023(H/O)lI has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data collected with a Pailred diffractometer using Mo Ktt radiation. The crystals are triclinic, Pi, with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 19.470 (5), b = 20.865 (5), c = 8.352 (2) A, a = 70.10(1), ,8 = 99.86(1) and y = 110.63(3) ° . The structure contains HMo5P20~3 anions consisting of a ring of five MoO 6 octahedra with two PO 4 tetrahedra, one attached to each side of the ring. In the anion, which is a member of a series of protonated pentamolybdodiphosphate anions, the H atom is bonded to one of the unshared phosphate oxygens. The Na ÷ ions are directly coordinated to the anions and join these in a three-dimensional framework through O--Na-O and O-Na-H20-Na-O bridges. The coordination of anion and water oxygens around Na + is octahedral, square pyramidal or irregularly sevenfold. Because of systematic vacancies at the site of one of the Na + ions, accompanied by a change in water positions, the structure is a superstructure containing a subcell with b halved (10.432 /k). An 'average' structure based on this subcell has been refined with fuU-matrix least-squares refinement methods. The final R value, based on 6182 independent reflexions, is 0.036.