Multicomponent Fitness Training Improves Walking Economy in Older Adults

Valenti, Giulio; Bonomi, A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000893

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Since all the participants performed a combination of both aerobic and resistance training, we are unable to differentiate which mode of exercise training is better suited to enhance ease of walking and economy. This is in line with prior evidence showing positive effects on walking economy due to multicomponent exercise training (Valenti et al, 2016). Both these modes of exercise, aerobic and resistance training, can lead to improved mitochondrial profile and function (Nilsson and Tarnopolsky, 2019), which may improve walking economy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Increases Stretch- Shortening Cycle Potentiation and Walking Economy in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2019

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PurposeSecondary analyses were performed to test whether combined aerobic and resistance training altered walking economy (i.e., net oxygen uptake) and/or stretch-shortening cycle potentiation (SSCP). A further objective was to determine if walking economy and SSCP were related before or after training.MethodsNinety-two postmenopausal women were enrolled wherein 76 completed 16 weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training. Participants were randomized to one of three training groups based on frequencies: (a) 1 d⋅wk–1 (n = 23); (b) 2 d⋅wk–1 (n = 30) or; (c) 3 d⋅wk–1 (n = 23). Following assessments were performed at baseline and post-training. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure maximal oxygen uptake () and walking economy (submaximal – resting = net ) during a graded exercise test and steady-state treadmill task, respectively. SSCP was determined by measuring the difference between a concentric (CO) and counter-movement (CM) leg press throw.Results, walking economy, CO and CM velocity were significantly improved (p < 0.05) for all training groups, however; no time by group interactions were observed. Paired t-tests revealed participants exercise training 2 d⋅wk–1 exhibited a significant time effect for SSCP (+0.04 ± 0.09 ms–1; p = 0.03). At baseline, multiple linear regression showed a negative relationship between walking net and SSCP (r = −0.22; p < 0.04) adjusted for relative proportion of . No such relationship was found post-training.ConclusionAmong older postmenopausal women, our results indicate that irrespective of frequency of training, 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training increased ease of walking and economy. Additionally, only participants exercising 2 d⋅wk–1 exhibited significant improvement in SSCP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Increases Stretch- Shortening Cycle Potentiation and Walking Economy in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2019

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“…Exercise training additionally increases aerobic power . Thus, a physically active lifestyle delays mobility limitation with increasing age .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energetic cost of walking rises progressively with increasing age and contributes to the age‐related decline in gait speed . Exercise training decreases walking cost in older adults, preserving walking economy, and thus, exercise training can delay mobility limitation with increasing age .…”

Section: Physical Activity and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

Westerterp

2018

Obesity Reviews

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Physical activity and body composition show a typical pattern over the lifecycle. Fat-free mass and physical performance generally peak in early adulthood. Here, evidence for a relation between physical activity changes over the life span and the development of sarcopenic obesity is presented. Activity-induced energy expenditure increases with body size and physical activity during growth. The physical activity level, calculated by expressing total energy expenditure as a multiple of resting energy expenditure, gradually increases from early age to adulthood to decrease again in old age. Habitual physical activity has a significant effect on growth of fat-free mass during adolescence and thus on peak fat-free mass and physical performance in early adulthood. Older subjects have a lower fat-free mass and lower physical activity levels but there is no association, suggesting physical activity does not protect against loss of lean body mass at higher age. Prevention of sarcopenic obesity starts with a physically active lifestyle to develop a healthy peak fat-free mass and subsequent prevention of excess fat gain. The change from a physically active to a more sedentary routine in later life requires restriction of energy intake to maintain energy balance.

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“…Exercise training can even decrease walking cost in older adults, delaying the age-related decline in walking economy. 34 …”

Section: Changes In Physical Activity and Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Control of energy expenditure in humans

2016

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Energy expenditure is determined by body size and body composition and by food intake and physical activity. Body size and body composition are the determinants of resting energy expenditure. Higher weight results in higher energy requirement through a higher resting requirement because of a higher maintenance cost of a larger body. Activity-induced energy expenditure is the most variable component of total energy expenditure. Smaller and leaner subjects generally move more as activity energy expenditure in larger subjects is not higher in proportion to the cost of moving with a higher body weight. Food intake induces changes in energy expenditure as a function of changes in body size and body composition. In addition, energy restriction induces an adaptive reduction of energy expenditure through a lowering of tissue metabolism and a reduction of body movement. An exercise-induced increase in activity expenditure is a function of the training status. In untrained subjects, exercise induces a larger increase in total energy expenditure than can be attributed to the energy cost of a training program. Trained subjects have a higher performance at the same expenditure through a higher exercise economy. INTRODUCTIONEnergy expenditure in humans is determined by body size and body composition, environment and behavior. A larger body, especially a larger fat-free mass, requires more maintenance and thus induces a higher basal metabolic rate or resting energy expenditure. The main environmental determinant of energy expenditure is ambient temperature, where energy expenditure increases in a cold environment through shivering and in a hot environment through panting. Behavioral determinants of energy expenditure include food intake and physical activity. In normal daily life, environmental factors like ambient temperature are negligible. We generally choose our environment to feel comfortable. We stay in the thermal neutral zone by controlling the temperature of our homes and dress according to climatic conditions when going out. Thus, this review is restricted to determinants including subject characteristics, food intake and physical activity.Total energy expenditure (TEE) can be split in three components: maintenance or resting energy expenditure (REE); energy expenditure for the processing of ingested food or diet-induced energy expenditure (DEE); and activity-induced energy expenditure (AEE). Here, control of energy expenditure is reviewed by comparing TEE and the three components in relation to differences for the subject characteristics body size and body composition, followed by reviewing effects of changes in food intake and changes in physical activity on energy expenditure.

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Multicomponent Fitness Training Improves Walking Economy in Older Adults

Abstract: Multicomponent fitness training decreases walking cost in older adults, preserving walking economy. Thus, training programs could delay mobility limitation with increasing age.

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Increases Stretch- Shortening Cycle Potentiation and Walking Economy in Postmenopausal Women

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Increases Stretch- Shortening Cycle Potentiation and Walking Economy in Postmenopausal Women

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

Control of energy expenditure in humans

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