MultiColorTM imaging in combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium

Kaprinis, Konstantinos; Bobat, Hannaa; Salvo, Gabriella De

doi:10.1038/s41433-018-0123-2

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This seems to be the case. Interestingly, other melanin-producing cells in vertebrates such as the RPE transform mainly to benign tumors [this is more of hyperplasia than neoplasia ( 97 )], while the malignant tumors are of a different histopathological character ( 98 , 99 ). Meanwhile, one of the most dangerous and invasive tumor in children, neuroblastoma, reveals the character of immature, non-differentiated, and not pigmented neural crest cells, not being melanocytes ( 100 ).…”

Section: Melanin While Protecting Against Uvr-induced Melanomagenesis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma, Melanin, and Melanogenesis: The Yin and Yang Relationship

et al. 2022

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Melanin pigment plays a critical role in the protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and other environmental stressors. It is produced by the enzymatic transformation of L-tyrosine to dopaquinone and subsequent chemical and biochemical reactions resulting in the formation of various 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) oligomers—main constituents of eumelanin, and benzothiazine and benzothiazole units of pheomelanin. The biosynthesis of melanin is regulated by sun exposure and by many hormonal factors at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. While the presence of melanin protects against the development of skin cancers including cutaneous melanoma, its presence may be necessary for the malignant transformation of melanocytes. This shows a complex role of melanogenesis in melanoma development defined by chemical properties of melanin and the nature of generating pathways such as eu- and pheomelanogenesis. While eumelanin is believed to provide radioprotection and photoprotection by acting as an efficient antioxidant and sunscreen, pheomelanin, being less photostable, can generate mutagenic environment after exposure to the short-wavelength UVR. Melanogenesis by itself and its highly reactive intermediates show cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities, and it can stimulate glycolysis and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) activation, which, combined with their immunosuppressive effects, can lead to melanoma progression and resistance to immunotherapy. On the other hand, melanogenesis-related proteins can be a target for immunotherapy. Interestingly, clinicopathological analyses on advanced melanomas have shown a negative correlation between tumor pigmentation and diseases outcome as defined by overall survival and disease-free time. This indicates a “Yin and Yang” role for melanin and active melanogenesis in melanoma development, progression, and therapy. Furthermore, based on the clinical, experimental data and diverse effects of melanogenesis, we propose that inhibition of melanogenesis in advanced melanotic melanoma represents a realistic adjuvant strategy to enhance immuno-, radio-, and chemotherapy.

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Section: Melanin While Protecting Against Uvr-induced Melanomagenesis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma, Melanin, and Melanogenesis: The Yin and Yang Relationship

et al. 2022

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“…SDOCT enables appreciating the structure of these tumours in great detail. Furthermore, as the boundaries of combined hamartomas can be hard to distinguish clinically, NIR imaging facilitates delineating both the edges of the tumour and the extent of macular involvement in view of possible surgical management [ 34 ].…”

Section: Neuro-oculocutaneous Syndromes/phakomatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Reflectance Imaging in Retinal Diseases Affecting Young Patients

Abdolrahimzadeh

Ciancimino

Grassi

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) is a noninvasive, contactless, and rapid in vivo imaging technique for visualizing subretinal alterations in the photoreceptor layer, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. The present report describes the application of this imaging method in retinal and choroidal pathologies affecting young patients where scarce cooperation, poor fixation, and intense glare sensation can result in a challenging clinical examination. A literature search of the MEDLINE database was performed using the terms “near-infrared reflectance” and “spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.” Articles were selected if they described the diagnostic use of NIR in children or young adults. Of 700 publications, 42 manuscripts published between 2005 and 2020 were inherent to children or young adults and were considered in this narrative literature review. The first disease category is the phakomatoses where NIR is essential in visualizing choroidal alterations recognized as cardinal biomarkers in neurofibromatosis type 1, microvascular retinal alterations, and retinal astrocytic hamartomas. Another diagnostic application is the accurate visualization of crystals of various nature, including the glistening crystals that characterize Bietti crystalline dystrophy. Acute macular neuropathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy represent a further disease category with young adulthood onset where NIR is not only diagnostic but also essential to monitor disease progression. A further interesting clinical application is to facilitate the detection of laser-induced maculopathy where funduscopic examination can be normal or subnormal. In conclusion, NIR imaging has a noninterchangeable role in diagnosing certain retinal diseases, especially in children and young adults where there is scarce collaboration and a lack of evident clinical findings. Moreover, this technique can reveal unique retinal and choroidal biomarkers highly specific to rare conditions.

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“…Recently, multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (MC-SLO) has been demonstrated to have certain advantages in the fundus photography of various vitreoretinal diseases. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The Spectralis Multi-Color SLO (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) uses blue (488 nm), green (515 nm), and infrared (820 nm) excitation laser lights. 10 It provides higher contrast fundus photography by the suppression of light scatter and reveals retinal findings at varying depths by compiling the reflectance patterns of the above three scanning lasers into a single en face image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicolor Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Strengthens Surgeons’ Preoperative Decision-Making and Intraoperative Performance on Epiretinal Membrane

Zhang

Wen

Sun

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To determine whether multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (MC-SLO) was better than color fundus photography (CFP) to enhance residents and specialists’ preoperative decision-making and intraoperative performance on the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods Consecutive patients with idiopathic ERM were recruited prospectively. All the patients underwent MC-SLO and CFP imagings and were randomized into MC-SLO (n = 20) and CFP (n = 20) groups. Preoperatively, residents and specialists were required to have ERM delineation and select an optimal location for initial ERM peeling independently, based on the MC-SLO (MC-SLO group) or CFP (CFP group) images. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) was introduced to evaluate the accuracy. Results Preoperatively, residents and specialists acted more effectively in ERM delineation and selection of initial grasping location in the MC-SLO group (both P < 0.001). In the MC-SLO group, higher resident–specialist agreements were achieved in ERM delineation ( P = 0.002) and selection of initial grasping location ( P = 0.035). The iOCT revealed greater interobserver (iOCT–resident and iOCT–specialist) agreements of ERM delineation in MC-SLO group ( P < 0.001 and = 0.027, respectively). Surgeons acted more effectively on completely peeling the ERM in the MC-SLO group ( P < 0.001). Conclusions MC-SLO provided a better visual reference for residents and specialists in ERM delineation and the selection of an initial grasping location for the surgery, compared with CFP. Translational Relevance MC-SLO is able to help surgeons achieve better intraoperative performance and shorten the learning process for residents.

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MultiColorTM imaging in combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Melanoma, Melanin, and Melanogenesis: The Yin and Yang Relationship

Melanoma, Melanin, and Melanogenesis: The Yin and Yang Relationship

Near-Infrared Reflectance Imaging in Retinal Diseases Affecting Young Patients

Multicolor Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Strengthens Surgeons’ Preoperative Decision-Making and Intraoperative Performance on Epiretinal Membrane

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