Multicolored Electrochromism in Polymers: Structures and Devices

Argun, Avni A.; Aubert, Pierre-Henri; Thompson, Barry C.; Schwendeman, Irina; Gaupp, Carleton L.; Hwang, Jungseek; Pinto, Nicholas J.; Tanner, D. B.; MacDiarmid, Alan G.; Reynolds, John R.

doi:10.1021/cm049669l

Cited by 776 publications

(544 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This demonstrates that a lower value of intercalated/ deintercalated charge density is adequate enough to bring about a larger optical contrast and this is most advantageous for maximizing the cycling life of the device. This is also corroborated by Argun et al 1 and Rauh et al, 35 as authors also observed that at high doping levels, as percent transmittance saturates, coloration efficiency drops owing to charge consuming side reactions. Further discussion on coloration efficiency of PEDOT-PB and PEDOT-PANI devices can be found in the ESI.w…”

Section: Spectroelectrochemistrysupporting

confidence: 69%

“…1,2 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT in particular has aroused much interest as a cathodic electrochrome due to its rapid and reversible switching between deep-blue and pale-blue hues, the large electronic conductivity of its p-type state, high transmissivity for visible radiation in its oxidized form and the high stability of its doped state. [3][4][5][6] Furthermore, the high insolubility of the polymer also aids in inhibiting its dissolution in the electrolyte during electrochemical cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Deepa

Awadhia

Bhandari

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Electrochromic devices based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the cathodic coloring electrode and polyaniline (PANI) or Prussian blue (PB) as the counter electrode containing a highly conductive, self-supporting, distensible and transparent polymer-gel electrolyte film encapsulating an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidiniumbis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, have been fabricated. Polarization, charge transfer and diffusion processes control the electrochemistry of the functional electrodes during coloration and bleaching and these phenomena differ when PEDOT and PANI/PB were employed alternately as working electrodes. While the electrochemical impedance response shows good similitude for PEDOT and PANI electrodes, the responses of PEDOT and PB were significantly different in the PEDOT-PB device, especially during reduction of PB, wherein the overall amplitude of the impedance response is enormous. Large values of the coloration efficiency maxima of 281 cm 2 C À1 (l = 583 nm) and 274 cm 2 C À1 (l = 602 nm), achieved at À1.0 and À1.5 V for the PEDOT-PANI and PEDOT-PB devices have been correlated to the particularly low magnitude of charge transfer resistance and high polarization capacitance operative at the PEDOT-ionic liquid based electrolyte interface at these dc potentials, thus allowing facile ion-transport and consequently resulting in enhanced absorption modulation. Moderately fast switching kinetics and the ability of these devices to sustain about 2500 cycles of clear-to-dark and dark-to-clear without incurring major losses in the optical contrast, along with the ease of construction of these cells in terms of high scalability and reproducibility of the synthetic procedure for fabrication of the electrochromic films and the ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film, are indicators of the promise these devices hold for practical applications like electrochromic windows and displays.

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Section: Spectroelectrochemistrysupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Deepa

Awadhia

Bhandari

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…7 (iii) conducting polymers; among classical electronic conducting polymers (ECPs), the electrochromic properties of polypyrroles, 8 polythiophenes and oligomers, 9 and polyaniline 10 are reported in the literature and (iv) metallopolymers; chromogenic properties typically arise from low-energy metal-to-ligant charge transfer (MLCT), intervalence charge transfer, intraligant excitation and related visible region electronic transitions. 11 …”

Section: Electrochromic Devices and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanochromics: old materials, new structures and architectures for high performance devices

Vidotti¹,

Torresi

2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Com o desenvolvimento da nanociência, o estudo do fenômeno do eletrocromismo desperta forte e continuado interesse devido à possibilidade de obter maiores eficiências eletrocrômicas, contrastes cromáticos, sintonização de cores e baixos tempos de resposta por meio da montagem de nanomateriais. Estas vantagens são possíveis devido à alta área superficial que os nanomateriais possuem e a enorme quantidade de moléculas orgânicas eletrocrômicas que podem ser facilmente ligadas a nanopartículas inorgânicas como TiO 2 ou SiO 2 . Somado a isto, o contato direto entre o eletrólito e os nanomateriais produz altas velocidades de transferência iônica, com a concomitante compensação de carga rápida, o que é essencial para preparar eletrodos eletrocrômicos de alto desempenho. Recentemente a técnica de deposição eletrostática camada por camada foi apresentada como uma maneira interessante de preparar diferentes arquiteturas combinando nanopartículas e polímeros. O presente trabalho mostra alguns dos últimos avanços em nanocromismo.Due to the development of nanoscience, the interest in electrochromism has increased and new assemblies of electrochromic materials at nanoscale leading to higher efficiencies and chromatic contrasts, low switching times and the possibility of color tuning have been developed. These advantages are reached due to the extensive surface area found in nanomaterials and the large amount of organic electrochromic molecules that can be easily attached onto inorganic nanoparticles, as TiO 2 or SiO 2 . Moreover, the direct contact between electrolyte and nanomaterials produces high ionic transfer rates, leading to fast charge compensation, which is essential for high performance electrochromic electrodes. Recently, the layer-by-layer technique was presented as an interesting way to produce different architectures by the combination of both electrochromic nanoparticles and polymers. The present paper shows some of the newest insights into nanochromic science. Keywords: nanochromics, nanoparticles, layer-by-layer, viologensAbbreviations ECM (ox) : electrochromic material in oxidized form; ECM (red) : electrochromic material in reduced form; CV: cyclic voltammetry; : electrochromic efficiency, defined by the relation between change in absorbance and the electric charge spent in the process; A: change in absorbance; T %: change in transmittance or contrast; : response time, the time required for a total or partial change in contrast; q: electric charge; ITO: Sn-doped indium oxide; transparent conducting material used for electrochromic measures; PB, Prussian blue: [Fe III Fe II (CN) 6 ] − , iron hexacyanoferrate; viologens: organic molecules based on 1,1-"disubstituted-4,4-bipyridinium salts"; ECP: electronic conducting polymer; MLCT; metal-ligand charge transfer; PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); LbL: Layer-by-Layer deposition; technique based on adsorption of alternate charged species; PANI: poly(aniline); HWCVD: hot wire chemical vapour deposition; LPEI/PB: polyethyleneimine/Prussian blue; PAH: poly(al...

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“…在实际应用的电致变色器件中, 电致变色材料需要与离子传导材料配合使用 [2] , 电致变色材料多为刚性分子链, 离子传导材料多为柔性分子链, 二者之间存在相容性不佳的问题 [7,8] . 如果能够合成这两类材料的共聚物, 则可以完美解决这一问题.…”

Section: 引言unclassified

Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraaniline-Polyethylene Glycol Block and Star-shaped Copolymers

Lu¹,

Yang²

2013

Acta Chim. Sinica

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In this paper, three block or star-shaped tetraaniline-polyethylene glycol copolymers were obtained using a series of methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride homologous compounds as intermediates. To achieve this goal, firstly, tetraaniline was synthesised by 4-aminodiphenyamine through redox reaction in an acidic acetone solution; tetraaniline was then reacted with 4-toluene sulfonyl chloride, 2,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride and 2-mesitylenesulfonyl chloride, respectively, to give a series of sulfamide intermediate products with different amounts of capped methyl groups on the benzene ring. These sulfamide intermediate products were oxidized by potassium permanganate, to turn the capped methyl groups equally into carboxyl groups. At last, methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) was reacted with these carboxyl groups through esterification reaction to give the tetraaniline-polyethylene glycol copolymers, in which the number of PEG chains was determined by the number of methyl groups on the intermediate products mentioned above. Structure characterization of all related products within the routes, as well as electrical chemical property test of tetraaniline and final products, was carried out using FT-IR, 1 H NMR, UV-Vis, GPC and electrochemical workstation. The results of structure characterization suggested that ideal products were synthesized successfully through designed routes, the cyclic voltammogram and conductivity data suggested that the electrical chemical property of these copolymers was similar with that of tetraaniline, possessing the typical change of oxidation-reduction states. As polyaniline is a typical electrochromism material, whose electrochromism capability is majorly succeeded by tetraaniline, these copolymers could be used in an electrochromism device, in which tetraaniline acts as electrochromism material, while polyethylene glycol acts as ion conducting material. Compared with electrochromism devices formed by polyaniline and polyethylene glycol separately, the ones formed by these copolymers would be much more compatible and processible. Furthermore, the micro structure of an electrochromism device could be formed through copolymers' self-assembly, and the micro phase morphology of the structure could be modified by adjusting the molecular weight of each segment, as well as the number of polyethylene glycol chains.

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Multicolored Electrochromism in Polymers: Structures and Devices

Cited by 776 publications

References 92 publications

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Nanochromics: old materials, new structures and architectures for high performance devices

Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraaniline-Polyethylene Glycol Block and Star-shaped Copolymers

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