Multicolor imaging findings in torpedo maculopathy

Venkatesh, Ramesh; Bavaharan, Bharathi; Yadav, Naresh Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1317_18

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…MC imaging signatures of torpedo lesions in the series coincided with data previously published by our group. [10] The etiology of torpedo-shaped lesions in the retina remains speculative. Due to the consistent location of torpedo lesions in previous reports of TM, the most commonly accepted hypothesis is a persistent defect in the development of RPE in the fetal temporal bulge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torpedo Retinopathy

Venkatesh

Jain

Pereira

et al. 2020

JOVR

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Purpose: Torpedo lesions in the retina are rare. This study aimed to investigate torpedoshaped lesions in the retina in an adult population and to determine the spectrum and features of the disease. Methods: The review of a database for clinical diagnosis identified nine patients who were diagnosed with torpedo-shaped lesions in the retina between June 2017 and February 2019. Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were used to analyze the cases. Multicolor imaging was also performed. Results: Nine patients with torpedo-shaped lesions in the fundus were identified. Fundus images revealed that the lesion involved the macula in six eyes; in the remaining three eyes, the lesion was present outside the macula. OCT identified six patients with type 1 torpedo lesions, one with type 2, and two with type 3. On multicolor imaging, the lesion was visualized as a region of increased reflectance in blue, green, and infrared light in all eyes, with notably increased infrared reflectance in eyes with focal choroidal excavation. Choroidal neovascular membrane was evident in one patient on OCT angiography. Conclusion: Torpedo lesions in the retina can occur away from the macula and exhibit features similar to those of torpedo maculopathy. As such, the authors propose a change in the nomenclature for torpedo lesions in the retina from “torpedo maculopathy” to “torpedo retinopathy.”

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torpedo Retinopathy

Venkatesh

Jain

Pereira

et al. 2020

JOVR

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“…It has been widely used to describe the findings in various retinal and choroidal pathologies. 11,12 Multicolour imaging is a non-invasive retinal imaging modality that simultaneously acquires three reflectance images of the retina using three individual lasers, producing a composite image, thereby allowing analysis of changes at various levels within the retina. The information from these three images are integrated to form a composite multicolour image.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retinal structural and vascular changes in posterior microphthalmos

Venkatesh

Jain

Srinivasan

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background Posterior microphthalmos (PM) is a rare developmental disorder characterised by high hyperopia, short axial length, presence of retinal papillomacular fold and relatively normal anterior segment findings. The study objective is to describe the retinal structural and vascular changes in eyes with PM with spectral domain optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography and multicolour imaging. Methods In this retrospective, comparative case series, 10 eyes of five patients with PM as cases and 10 eyes of five age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included. Structural changes, namely inner and outer retinal layer thicknesses, were measured using optical coherence tomography. Multicolour imaging findings were noted. Perifoveal vascular changes with qualitative and quantitative assessments were analysed using optical coherence tomography angiography. Results The foveal dip was absent in all 10 eyes (100 per cent) with PM. There was an elevated retinal papillomacular fold in six eyes (60 per cent) and intraretinal cystoid spaces in two eyes (20 per cent) with PM. The inner retinal layers were thicker in PM. On multicolour imaging, foveal avascular zone and retinal wrinkles were identified in eyes with retinal papillomacular fold in blue and green reflectance images. Perifoveal vascular changes in optical coherence tomography angiography included foveal area size reduction in superficial and deep vascular networks. The foveal capillary vessel densities were higher in PM compared to the controls in both superficial (46.3 ± 3.7 per cent; p = 0.000) and deep (54.7 ± 3.5 per cent; p = 0.000) capillary plexuses. Flow areas in superficial (p = 0.693) and deep (p = 0.088) capillary plexuses were not statistically relevant. Conclusion The study suggests that in PM, retinal foreshortening occurs in one meridian leading to secondary changes such as loss of foveal dip, posterior bowing of the outer layers of the eye, thickening of the inner retina and ultimately, retinal papillomacular fold formation. The findings of the study need further validation in a larger series of patients with PM.

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“…Type 1 was defined by having attenuation of the outer retinal structures without retinal or inner choroidal cavitation; Type 2 featured attenuation of the outer retinal structures with subretinal cavitation. 97 Torpedo lesions that contain choroidal excavation were recently classified as type 3 TM by Tripathy et al and studied by Venkatesh et al [105][106][107] Cavitation appears as an optically empty space on OCT as a result of thinning or loss of the outer retinal layers or choroidal layers. The distinction between cavitation and a neurosensory detachment that occurs in some cases can be made on the basis of preservation of retinal layer thickness in a detachment and attenuation or loss in cavitation.…”

Section: Torpedo Maculopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…96 Similarly, it is unclear if the choroidal excavation seen in type 3 TM is acquired or part of the underlying mechanism pathophysiology. 107 While some authors have reported these lesions to be nonprogressive, 87 others have shown mild progression over time. 97 Wong et al hypothesized that the Type 1 subtype progressed to type 2 over time but reports of type 2 TM in patients as young as 5 years old cast doubt on that hypothesis.…”

Section: Torpedo Maculopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…97 Five of eight patients with a type 1 lesion were tested on a Humphrey field analyzer or microperimeter with only 1 patient demonstrating ascotoma. [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] All patients with type 2 lesions had documented scotomas. 96,101,113 The variability between visual field defect and lesion may be due to the size of the TM lesions falling beneath the detection sensitivity of Humphrey field testing.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<p>Choroidal Cavitary Disorders</p>

Nassar¹,

Tarbett²,

Browning³

2020

OPTH

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The structure and functions of the choroid have been long acknowledged but the pathophysiology behind various anomalies has been difficult to understand until the advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT). With OCT imaging, choroidal cavitations appear as optically empty spaces between the outer retinal and choroidal layers with attenuation or loss of outer retinal layers. Choroidal cavitations are found in the posterior pole and seen in conditions such as pathologic myopia, north carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD), focal choroidal excavation (FCE), and torpedo maculopathy (TM). To date, these disorders have not been linked. A commonality they all share is malformation of the RPE-photoreceptor-choroid complex. The following report describes the differences and similarities of choroidal cavitation amongst the different retinal disorders and emphasizes the importance of multimodal imaging in the detection and management of potential complications.

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Multicolor imaging findings in torpedo maculopathy

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Torpedo Retinopathy

Torpedo Retinopathy

Retinal structural and vascular changes in posterior microphthalmos

<p>Choroidal Cavitary Disorders</p>

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