“…De-escalation of antibiotics into a single agent is strongly recommended when susceptibility of the implicated GNB (including MDR/XDR- P. aeruginosa ) isolate is known, and there is a significant improvement in the patient’s condition ( Boyd and Nailor, 2011 ). Among the novel antibiotics that have been launched to combat MDR-GNB isolates, ceftolozane-tazobactam has excellent in vitro activity against global CR- and XDR- P. aeruginosa strains, including those with overexpression of efflux pumps but no carbapenemase production ( Hong et al., 2013 ; Jean et al., 2021 ). Despite not being validated by several randomized clinical studies, ceftazidime-avibactam ( Sader et al., 2017b ; Kuo et al., 2021 ), cefepime-zidebactam ( Sader et al., 2017a ; Kuo et al., 2021 ; Jean et al., 2022 ), cefiderocol ( Hsueh et al., 2019 ; Yamano, 2019 ; Bassetti et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2021 ), imipenem-relebactam (showing excellent in vitro activity relative to imipenem solely against OprD-losing P. aeruginosa isolates with Pseudomonas -derived cephalosporinase hyper-production) ( Tselepis et al., 2020 ; Kuo et al., 2021 ), meropenem-vaborbactam ( Novelli et al., 2020 ; Kuo et al., 2021 ), meropenem-nacubactam ( Asempa et al., 2020 ), and cefepime-taniborbactam ( Wang X. et al., 2020 ) are considered as promising alternatives against infections caused by CR- or MDR- P. aeruginosa isolates.…”