Multicenter HIV and hepatitis B seroprevalence study

Jui, Jonathan; Modesitt, Steve; Fleming, David W.; Stevens, Peter J.; Wayson, Barbara; Hulman, Sharon; Schriverz, John A.

doi:10.1016/0736-4679(90)90001-c

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The support for this expansion comes from studies showing that some U.S. EDs administer medical care to persons at high risk for HIV,5,6 that the prevalence of HIV in some EDs is higher than at other settings in the surrounding communities,7-12 and that EDs can successfully conduct HIV screening programs, identify HIV-infected patients, and link them to definitive care 13-19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video as an Effective Method to Deliver Pretest Information for Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Testing

Merchant

Clark²,

Mayer³

et al. 2009

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: Video-based delivery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pretest information might assist in streamlining HIV screening and testing efforts in the emergency department (ED). The objectives of this study were to determine if the video ''Do you know about rapid HIV testing?'' is an acceptable alternative to an in-person information session on rapid HIV pretest information, in regard to comprehension of rapid HIV pretest fundamentals, and to identify patients who might have difficulties in comprehending pretest information.Methods: This was a noninferiority trial of 574 participants in an ED opt-in rapid HIV screening program who were randomly assigned to receive identical pretest information from either an animated and live-action 9.5-minute video or an in-person information session. Pretest information comprehension was assessed using a questionnaire. The video would be accepted as not inferior to the in-person information session if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference (D) in mean scores on the questionnaire between the two information groups was less than a 10% decrease in the in-person information session arm's mean score. Linear regression models were constructed to identify patients with lower mean scores based upon study arm assignment, demographic characteristics, and history of prior HIV testing. Results:The questionnaire mean scores were 20.1 (95% CI = 19.7 to 20.5) for the video arm and 20.8 (95% CI = 20.4 to 21.2) for the in-person information session arm. The difference in mean scores compared to the mean score for the in-person information session met the noninferiority criterion for this investigation (D = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.26). In a multivariable linear regression model, Blacks ⁄ African Americans, Hispanics, and those with Medicare and Medicaid insurance exhibited slightly lower mean scores, regardless of the pretest information delivery format. There was a strong relationship between fewer years of formal education and lower mean scores on the questionnaire. Age, gender, type of insurance, partner ⁄ marital status, and history of prior HIV testing were not predictive of scores on the questionnaire. Conclusions:In terms of patient comprehension of rapid HIV pretest information fundamentals, the video was an acceptable substitute to pretest information delivered by an HIV test counselor. Both the video and the in-person information session were less effective in providing pretest information for patients with fewer years of formal education.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2009; 16:124-135 ª

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video as an Effective Method to Deliver Pretest Information for Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Testing

Merchant

Clark²,

Mayer³

et al. 2009

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…Several reports, notably those by Kelen and his colleagues, have demonstrated that, although complicated, it is possible to test for HIV in urgent care settings (CDC, 2001c;Kelen et al, 1996;Kelen, Hexter, Hansen, Tang, Pretorious, & Quinn, 1995;Kelen, Shanan, & Quinn, 1999). Reports have also indicated that seroprevelence rates in EDs may be as high as 10% (CDC, 1993;Kelen, Johnson, DiGiovanna, Loring, & Siverston, 1990;Jui et al, 1990;Schoenbaum & Webber, 1993) compared with less than .3% in the general population (CDC, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Testing in a Resource-Poor Urban Emergency Department

Glick¹,

Silva²,

Zun³

et al. 2004

AIDS Education and Prevention

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In an effort to help fight the HIV epidemic, we offered standard HIV testing to high-risk and symptomatic patients attending an urban emergency department (ED) located in a high-prevalence area. We assessed rates of consent, HIV infection, and linkage into care by demographic and risk characteristics. Consent rates were consistently greater than 50% across the various demographics and risk groups. The HIV prevalence rate was 3% and ranged from 0% to 50% across groups. Of those eligible to enter care 69% attended their first infectious disease clinic appointment. One recommendation to increase the number of people who are aware of their serostatus is to offer HIV testing in underutilized venues, such as an urban ED. The results of this project offer suggestions for future pursuits.

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“…Studies from hospitals overseas have shown that trauma patients have higher rates of infection with HIV and HCV than the general population. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] There have been no comparable studies of the prevalence of infection with HIV or HCV in Australian trauma patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major issues for health‐care workers managing trauma patients because of the high risk of exposure to blood and other body fluids. Studies from hospitals overseas have shown that trauma patients have higher rates of infection with HIV and HCV than the general population 1–9 . There have been no comparable studies of the prevalence of infection with HIV or HCV in Australian trauma patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%