“…Our perspective on semantic annotation is shaped by our participation in the COmputational Modeling in BIology NEtwork (COMBINE), a community of researchers developing standards for modeling in computational biology 7 . Collectively, we represent teams developing SBML, CellML, the Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) 8 , the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) 9 , the Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) 10 , NeuroML 11,12 , rule-based modeling languages 13,14 , MultiCellDS 15 , the COMBINE archive 16 , the Semantic Simulation (SemSim) architecture 17 , FAIRDOMHub 18 , the SABIO-RK database 19 , as well as BioModels 20 and the Physiome Model Repository 21,22 . Here, we present a set of agreed-upon recommendations for harmonizing semantic annotations for computational models across these development efforts.…”