Multicast Communication on Network Computers

The multimedia multicasting problem

“…In this section, we look at the main issues in multicasting such as group dynamics, routing support and feedback control, and discuss some of the proposed approaches. Since space does not permit a more detailed exposition of all issues relevant to multicasting, the reader can also refer to specialized surveys (Frank et al 1985), research compilations (Ahamad 1990), or start from detailed bibliographies (Chanson et al 1989). …”

The Design and Implementation of a Network Computer.

“…This can be avoided by using a more elaborate scheme, which we call extended multicast, in which a tree is dynamically maintained in the internet using a distributed algorithm and serves as a routing structure for delivering the message to be multicast to each net. This work has been described in recent publications [FWB84], [FWB85].…”

Application of Modified Ant Colony Optimization (MACO) for Multicast Routing Problem

“…The concept of multicasting is useful for many applications like the transfer of the audio, video and text of a live lecture to a set of distributed lecture participants, teleconferencing application that is shared among many distributed participants, multiplayer games. A. J. Frank, L. D. Wittie, and A. J. Bernstein [9] described six techniques: flooding where packets are broadcast over all links, separate addressing where a separately addressed packet is sent to each destination, multi-destination addressing where variable sized packet headers are used to send a few multiply addressed packets, partite addressing where destinations are partitioned by some common addressing locality and packets are sent to each partition for final delivery to local hosts, singletree forwarding in which a single tree spans all nodes of the group, and multiple-tree forwarding where each member may have a different spanning tree.…”