Abstract:In this paper, we address the problem of real-time video streaming over wireless LANs for both unicast and multicast transmission. The wireless channel is modeled as a packet-erasure channel at the IP level. For the unicast scenario, we describe a novel hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) algorithm that efficiently combines forward error control (FEC) coding with the ARQ protocol. For the multiple-users scenario, we formulate the problem of real-time video multicast as an optimization of a maximum regret cos… Show more
“…Because of different channel conditions, the clients receive different number of transmissions from the server. A promising approach to overcome this problem is using MultiResolution Coding (MRC) [58,59,60]. MRC is originally introduced for wired networks, and it divides a video into a base layer and multiple enhancement layers.…”
Network coding is a technique where relay nodes mix packets using mathematical operations, which reduces the number of transmitted packets. Network coding was first proposed for wired networks to solve the bottleneck problem and to increase the throughput. However, the broadcast nature of wireless networks and the diversity of the links make network coding more attractive in wireless networks. Network coding can be classified as either inter or intra-session. Inter-session network coding allows the packets from different sessions (sources) to be mixed to solve the bottleneck problem. In contrast, intra-session network coding, which can be used to address the packet loss problem, uses the diversity of the wireless links and mixes packets from the same sessions. In this chapter, we survey the recent works on network coding in both general wireless networks and wireless sensor networks. We present various network coding techniques, their assumptions, applications, as well as an overview of the proposed methods.
“…Because of different channel conditions, the clients receive different number of transmissions from the server. A promising approach to overcome this problem is using MultiResolution Coding (MRC) [58,59,60]. MRC is originally introduced for wired networks, and it divides a video into a base layer and multiple enhancement layers.…”
Network coding is a technique where relay nodes mix packets using mathematical operations, which reduces the number of transmitted packets. Network coding was first proposed for wired networks to solve the bottleneck problem and to increase the throughput. However, the broadcast nature of wireless networks and the diversity of the links make network coding more attractive in wireless networks. Network coding can be classified as either inter or intra-session. Inter-session network coding allows the packets from different sessions (sources) to be mixed to solve the bottleneck problem. In contrast, intra-session network coding, which can be used to address the packet loss problem, uses the diversity of the wireless links and mixes packets from the same sessions. In this chapter, we survey the recent works on network coding in both general wireless networks and wireless sensor networks. We present various network coding techniques, their assumptions, applications, as well as an overview of the proposed methods.
“…As a hybrid ARQ mechanism, Majumdar et al have proposed a method that combines the reliability and fixed delay advantage of forward error control coding with bandwidth-conserving channel-adaptive properties of ARQ protocol [2]. Masala has also proposed a multicast scheme that aims at globally optimizing the parameters involved in a real-time video transmission, ranging from video encoding and packetization to the 802.11 MAC interface parameters [3].…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike the general data traffic, video traffic is delay-sensitive and somewhat tolerant to packet loss through the use of error concealment technique at the video decoder. However, the use of WLANs for the transport of video accompanies some problems resulted from the strict delay constraints of the video traffic and the inherent unpredictability of the wireless link [2].…”
Abstract. This paper proposes and analyzes the performance of an error control scheme for multicast video streaming over IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The proposed scheme makes all packets include the field indicating the number of packets of the message to which they belong, the receiver nodes report errors in a best-effort manner through contention period, and finally access point retransmits the requested packets through the overallocated slot that is unavoidably brought by QoS guarantee. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only efficiently utilize the network bandwidth by reusing the wasted bandwidth for error control but also reduce the deadline miss ratio by 23 % compared with fixed length-based error control scheme without affecting other streams.
“…However, when an FEC (Forward Error Correction) is used, only one retransmitted parity packet can satisfy all receivers which lose different packets [10,11,12,13]. FEC is especially effective for multimedia multicast transmissions [14,15].…”
Multicast in wireless LANs (Local Area Networks) is very useful for transmitting multimedia traffic from a sender to a group of receivers. The IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC (Medium Access Control) layer does not support reliable multicast since, for multicast transmissions, it has no control packets such as the RTS, CTS, and ACK, which are used for unicast transmissions. Several protocols have been proposed to provide reliable multicast transmissions. However, they are not efficient for IEEE 802.11 WLANs due to the large number of packet transmissions and the excessive control overhead caused by the use of a large number of control packets in the error recovery process. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective scheme. The proposed scheme combines FEC (Forward Error Correction) and ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) to reduce a large number of packet transmissions and to provide data reliability in the IEEE 802.11 WLANs multicast environment. It then uses busy tones to improve efficiency by reducing the excessive control overhead. Performance evaluation is conducted using both numerical analysis and simulation. The results show that the proposed scheme has good performance in terms of normalized throughput and average delay.
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