Multibody Dynamic Tools for Crashworthiness and Impact

Ambrósio, Jorge; Pereira, M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5796-4_19

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In order to perform the dynamic analysis, the initial velocities of the anatomical points are also required. The velocities are obtained by solving equation (2). This procedure assures that the velocities obtained belong to the null space of the Jacobian matrix, making them consistent with the kinematic structure of the biomechanical model.…”

Section: Photogrammetric Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current design methodologies entail the use of different computer simulations of increasing complexity ranging from simplified lumped mass models [1], multibody models [2] to complex geometric and material nonlinear finite element based representations of occupant [3] and vehicle structures [4]. Some well-known simulation programs are now available: PAM CRASH [4], WHAMS-3D [5] and DYNA 3D [6] for structural impact and CAL3D [7] and MADYMO [8] for occupant dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multibody Dynamics Approaches for Biomechanical Modeling in Human Impact Applications

Ambrósio

Silva

Solid Mechanics and Its Applications

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Abstract.The construction of multibody biomechanical models for impact is discussed here with the emphasis on the formulation aspects. First the relations between the human or the dummy anthropometric data and the rigid bodies in the model are presented. The motion restrictions between the different anatomical segments of model can be defined as kinematic joints, suitable to represent mechanical joints of dummies or a simplified kinematics of human joints, or as contact/sliding pairs, which are used to describe realistic human like anatomical joints. Another particular aspect of biomechanical models is the representation of the range of motion of the anatomical joints. This is achieved either by setting proper contact pairs between the adjacent anatomical segments or by setting resisting muscle forces or resisting moments that develop when the relative orientation between the segments reach critical values. Another fundamental aspect of the models is the ability to represent the contact geometries and the contact forces with realism. In fact, the outcome of all injury indexes predictions is strongly dependent on the quality of the representation of the contact. Contact models suitable to be used in biomechanical models, to represent the contact between anatomical segments of the biomechanical model or between these and external objects, are presented and discussed emphasizing the requirements to develop more advanced biomechanical models. The current biomechanical models either do not include muscle actions or, at the most, include a reflexive muscle contraction. It is suggested here that for the case of standing passengers it is important to include in the biomechanical models muscle models that allow for the representation of the muscle voluntary contractions and joint stiffening. It is also suggested that the evaluation of the models leading to the identification of such actions can be done by using techniques similar to those used in the evaluation of muscle force sharing in different human motions.

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Section: Photogrammetric Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%